Severity of the Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variant compared with the previous lineages: A systematic review

The Omicron variant was first detected in October 2021, which evolved from the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain and was found to possess many mutations. Immune evasion was one of the notable consequences of these mutations. Despite Omicron exhibiting increased transmissibility, the rates of hospitalizatio...

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Published in:Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2023-06, Vol.27 (11), p.1443-1464
Main Authors: Arabi, Maryam, Al‐Najjar, Yousef, Mhaimeed, Nada, Salameh, Mohammad A., Paul, Pradipta, AlAnni, Jamal, Abdelati, Ali A., Laswi, Ibrahim, Khanjar, Bushra, Al‐Ali, Dana, Elshafeey, Abdallah, Mhaimeed, Omar, Burney, Zain, D'Souza, Ashton, Sinha, Pratyaksha, Bhatti, Mohammad, Pillai, Krishnadev V., Homssi, Moayad, Bshesh, Khalifa, Yagan, Lina, Zakaria, Dalia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alpha
Asymptomatic
Beta
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Databases, Factual
death
Delta
Female
Hematology
Hospitalization
Humans
ICU
Immune response (humoral)
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infections
Mutation
Neonates
Omicron
Patient admissions
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
Review
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS‐CoV‐2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
severity
Systematic review
Ventilators
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4497-9ab54010601bdd65e5351200ff8477f564d1d4438590d2357169326b69b0e473
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container_end_page 1464
container_issue 11
container_start_page 1443
container_title Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
container_volume 27
creator Arabi, Maryam
Al‐Najjar, Yousef
Mhaimeed, Nada
Salameh, Mohammad A.
Paul, Pradipta
AlAnni, Jamal
Abdelati, Ali A.
Laswi, Ibrahim
Khanjar, Bushra
Al‐Ali, Dana
Elshafeey, Abdallah
Mhaimeed, Omar
Burney, Zain
D'Souza, Ashton
Sinha, Pratyaksha
Bhatti, Mohammad
Pillai, Krishnadev V.
Homssi, Moayad
Bshesh, Khalifa
Yagan, Lina
Zakaria, Dalia
description The Omicron variant was first detected in October 2021, which evolved from the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain and was found to possess many mutations. Immune evasion was one of the notable consequences of these mutations. Despite Omicron exhibiting increased transmissibility, the rates of hospitalizations and deaths among patients infected with this variant were substantially lower when compared to other strains. However, concluding that the Omicron variant is less severe than other variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 requires consideration of multiple factors, including the vaccination status of infected patients as well as any previous infections with other variants. This review compiled data about any reported indicators of severity in Omicron‐infected patients, including studies comparing Omicron with other variants while adjusting for confounders. A comprehensive search was conducted using different databases to target any studies about Omicron. In total, 62 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Many studies reported a significantly reduced risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for oxygenation/ventilation, and death in Omicron‐infected patients compared to patients infected with other variants, such as Delta. Some studies, however, reported comparable severity in Omicron infected patients as to other variants emphasizing a substantial risk for severe illness. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 vaccines were less effective against Omicron relative to previous lineages, except after receiving the booster dose. One study recommended vaccination during pregnancy, which may help prevent future cases of severe SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia in neonates and young infants due to the transfer of humoral response from the mother.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/jcmm.17747
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Many studies reported a significantly reduced risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for oxygenation/ventilation, and death in Omicron‐infected patients compared to patients infected with other variants, such as Delta. Some studies, however, reported comparable severity in Omicron infected patients as to other variants emphasizing a substantial risk for severe illness. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 vaccines were less effective against Omicron relative to previous lineages, except after receiving the booster dose. 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identifier ISSN: 1582-1838
ispartof Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2023-06, Vol.27 (11), p.1443-1464
issn 1582-1838
1582-4934
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10243162
source Wiley Online Library; Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); PubMed; Coronavirus Research Database
subjects Alpha
Asymptomatic
Beta
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Databases, Factual
death
Delta
Female
Hematology
Hospitalization
Humans
ICU
Immune response (humoral)
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infections
Mutation
Neonates
Omicron
Patient admissions
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
Review
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS‐CoV‐2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
severity
Systematic review
Ventilators
title Severity of the Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variant compared with the previous lineages: A systematic review
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