A comparison of disinfection by-products formation during sequential or simultaneous disinfection of surface waters with chlorine dioxide and chlor(am)ine

The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) oxidation on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during sequential (ClO 2 pre-oxidation for 30 min) and simultaneous disinfection processes with free chlorine (FC) or monochloramine (MCA) was investigated. The formation of DBPs from synthetic humi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental technology 2013-05, Vol.34 (9), p.1191-1198
Main Authors: Shi, Yanwei, Ling, Wencui, Qiang, Zhimin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Atmospheric pollution
bromide level
Bromides
Bromides - analysis
Bromides - chemistry
Byproducts
Carbon
Chloramines - analysis
Chloramines - chemistry
Chlorine
Chlorine Compounds - analysis
Chlorine Compounds - chemistry
Chlorine dioxide
Continental surface waters
Disinfectants - chemistry
Disinfection & disinfectants
Disinfection - methods
disinfection by-products
Drinking water
Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination
Exact sciences and technology
free chlorine
Fresh Water - chemistry
Hydroxyapatite
Kinetics
monochloramine
Natural water pollution
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxides - analysis
Oxides - chemistry
Pollution
Surface water
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water Purification - methods
Water treatment
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) oxidation on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during sequential (ClO 2 pre-oxidation for 30 min) and simultaneous disinfection processes with free chlorine (FC) or monochloramine (MCA) was investigated. The formation of DBPs from synthetic humic acid (HA) water and three natural surface waters containing low bromide levels (11-27 μg/L) was comparatively examined in the FC-based (single FC, sequential ClO 2 -FC, and simultaneous ClO 2 /FC) and MCA-based (single MCA, ClO 2 -MCA, and ClO 2 /MCA) disinfection processes. The results showed that much more DBPs were formed from the synthetic HA water than from the three natural surface waters with comparative levels of dissolved organic carbon. In the FC-based processes, ClO 2 oxidation could reduce trihalomethanes (THMs) by 27-35% and haloacetic acids (HAAs) by 14-22% in the three natural surface waters, but increased THMs by 19% and HAAs by 31% in the synthetic HA water after an FC contact time of 48 h. In the MCA-based processes, similar trends were observed although DBPs were produced at a much lower level. There was an insignificant difference in DBPs formation between the sequential and simultaneous processes. The presence of a high level of bromide (320 μg/L) remarkably promoted the DBPs formation in the FC-based processes. Therefore, the simultaneous disinfection process of ClO 2 /MCA is recommended particularly for waters with a high bromide level.
ISSN:0959-3330
1479-487X
DOI:10.1080/09593330.2012.743593