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Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water
Widely used as flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are now broadly present in the indoor and outdoor environments. Currently available liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) methods share some drawbacks with gas chromatography (GC) methods, including time consuming, li...
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| Published in: | Journal of Chromatography A 2011-09, Vol.1218 (38), p.6705-6711 |
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| container_issue | 38 |
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| container_title | Journal of Chromatography A |
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| creator | Wang, Xiao-wei Liu, Jing-fu Yin, Yong-guang |
| description | Widely used as flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are now broadly present in the indoor and outdoor environments. Currently available liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) methods share some drawbacks with gas chromatography (GC) methods, including time consuming, limited target OPEs, incomplete separation capability for some OPEs and low throughput. In this study, a fast and high throughput LC–MS/MS method was developed. For the first time, all the twelve OPEs that have been studied in literature, ranging from the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate to the very hydrophobic and non-volatile tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, were separated within 11
min. Different from previous studies, we found that the blank contamination was mainly from organic mobile phase rather than the enrichment process, and it can be efficiently eliminated by using acetonitrile rather than methanol as the organic phase of the mobile phase. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) was significantly improved by using 0.1% formic acid as an organic modifier. The method exhibited high throughput and sensitivity and can baseline separate 11 of the 12 OPEs studied within 11
min with LOQs ranging from 2 to 6
ng/L. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 2–10%. For both reagent water and river water, the spiked recoveries of OPEs ranged from 70 to 110%, except for the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate that has recovery below 10%. The developed procedure was successfully applied to study the OPE contamination of the Songhua River, and it was found that all the target OPEs were detected with total concentrations of around 1
μg/L in the river waters. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.067 |
| format | article |
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min. Different from previous studies, we found that the blank contamination was mainly from organic mobile phase rather than the enrichment process, and it can be efficiently eliminated by using acetonitrile rather than methanol as the organic phase of the mobile phase. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) was significantly improved by using 0.1% formic acid as an organic modifier. The method exhibited high throughput and sensitivity and can baseline separate 11 of the 12 OPEs studied within 11
min with LOQs ranging from 2 to 6
ng/L. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 2–10%. For both reagent water and river water, the spiked recoveries of OPEs ranged from 70 to 110%, except for the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate that has recovery below 10%. The developed procedure was successfully applied to study the OPE contamination of the Songhua River, and it was found that all the target OPEs were detected with total concentrations of around 1
μg/L in the river waters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9673</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.067</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOCRAM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>acetonitrile ; Analysis methods ; Analytical chemistry ; Applied sciences ; Chemistry ; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography ; Chromatography ; Contamination ; esters ; Exact sciences and technology ; Flame retardants ; formic acid ; Freshwater ; gas chromatography ; High throughput ; hydrophobicity ; LC–MS/MS ; liquid chromatography ; Liquids ; Mass spectrometry ; methanol ; Natural water pollution ; Organophosphate esters ; Other chromatographic methods ; Phosphates ; Pollution ; Recovery ; river water ; Rivers ; Songhua River ; tandem mass spectrometry ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Journal of Chromatography A, 2011-09, Vol.1218 (38), p.6705-6711</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-6e1d425caed36c5127e32a5e64e8342c296b62e2fa491c31f05628b4a821b5423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-6e1d425caed36c5127e32a5e64e8342c296b62e2fa491c31f05628b4a821b5423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,783,787,27936,27937</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24493614$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiao-wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jing-fu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Yong-guang</creatorcontrib><title>Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water</title><title>Journal of Chromatography A</title><description>Widely used as flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are now broadly present in the indoor and outdoor environments. Currently available liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) methods share some drawbacks with gas chromatography (GC) methods, including time consuming, limited target OPEs, incomplete separation capability for some OPEs and low throughput. In this study, a fast and high throughput LC–MS/MS method was developed. For the first time, all the twelve OPEs that have been studied in literature, ranging from the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate to the very hydrophobic and non-volatile tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, were separated within 11
min. Different from previous studies, we found that the blank contamination was mainly from organic mobile phase rather than the enrichment process, and it can be efficiently eliminated by using acetonitrile rather than methanol as the organic phase of the mobile phase. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) was significantly improved by using 0.1% formic acid as an organic modifier. The method exhibited high throughput and sensitivity and can baseline separate 11 of the 12 OPEs studied within 11
min with LOQs ranging from 2 to 6
ng/L. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 2–10%. For both reagent water and river water, the spiked recoveries of OPEs ranged from 70 to 110%, except for the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate that has recovery below 10%. The developed procedure was successfully applied to study the OPE contamination of the Songhua River, and it was found that all the target OPEs were detected with total concentrations of around 1
μg/L in the river waters.</description><subject>acetonitrile</subject><subject>Analysis methods</subject><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>esters</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Flame retardants</subject><subject>formic acid</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>gas chromatography</subject><subject>High throughput</subject><subject>hydrophobicity</subject><subject>LC–MS/MS</subject><subject>liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Liquids</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>methanol</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Organophosphate esters</subject><subject>Other chromatographic methods</subject><subject>Phosphates</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>river water</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Songhua River</subject><subject>tandem mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0021-9673</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kb-O1DAQh1OAxHHwBki4QdBksR3HSRokdPyVTqKAq61ZZ7LxKbFzY2fRdrwD78PD8CR4lRPlFbYLf_PNaH5F8ULwneBCv73d2ZHCDDvJhdjxZsd186i44FyKstNN9aR4GuMt56Lhjbwo_nzAI05hmdEnFgYGnq1TIihHdxjLBWkINIO3yCZ3t7qebfYUDgTLePr763cC3-PMZoiRxQVtyv-Y6MTyPYaeZQE7y1jKlethXNbEekxIs_OQXPDntoEO4MMyhpgPrZENE8zICBNQDz5F5jxDf3QU_HlUmNhPyI5nxeMBpojP79_L4ubTxx9XX8rrb5-_Xr2_Lm3dyVRqFL2StQXsK21rIRusJNSoFbaVklZ2eq8lygFUJ2wlBl5r2e4VtFLsayWry-L15l0o3K0Yk5ldtDhN4DGs0XSCa9W0bZ3JNw-SQmedbGolMqo21FKIkXAwC7kZ6GQEN-cwza3Z1m3OYRremBxmLnt13wGihWmgHI-L_2ulUl2lhcrcy40bIBg4UGZuvmdRncNvqyzMxLuNwLy6o0My0TrMYfeOcpCmD-7hUf4B82HJhA</recordid><startdate>20110923</startdate><enddate>20110923</enddate><creator>Wang, Xiao-wei</creator><creator>Liu, Jing-fu</creator><creator>Yin, Yong-guang</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110923</creationdate><title>Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water</title><author>Wang, Xiao-wei ; Liu, Jing-fu ; Yin, Yong-guang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-6e1d425caed36c5127e32a5e64e8342c296b62e2fa491c31f05628b4a821b5423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>acetonitrile</topic><topic>Analysis methods</topic><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>esters</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Flame retardants</topic><topic>formic acid</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>gas chromatography</topic><topic>High throughput</topic><topic>hydrophobicity</topic><topic>LC–MS/MS</topic><topic>liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Liquids</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>methanol</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Organophosphate esters</topic><topic>Other chromatographic methods</topic><topic>Phosphates</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>river water</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Songhua River</topic><topic>tandem mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiao-wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jing-fu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Yong-guang</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of Chromatography A</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Xiao-wei</au><au>Liu, Jing-fu</au><au>Yin, Yong-guang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Chromatography A</jtitle><date>2011-09-23</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>1218</volume><issue>38</issue><spage>6705</spage><epage>6711</epage><pages>6705-6711</pages><issn>0021-9673</issn><coden>JOCRAM</coden><abstract>Widely used as flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are now broadly present in the indoor and outdoor environments. Currently available liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) methods share some drawbacks with gas chromatography (GC) methods, including time consuming, limited target OPEs, incomplete separation capability for some OPEs and low throughput. In this study, a fast and high throughput LC–MS/MS method was developed. For the first time, all the twelve OPEs that have been studied in literature, ranging from the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate to the very hydrophobic and non-volatile tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, were separated within 11
min. Different from previous studies, we found that the blank contamination was mainly from organic mobile phase rather than the enrichment process, and it can be efficiently eliminated by using acetonitrile rather than methanol as the organic phase of the mobile phase. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) was significantly improved by using 0.1% formic acid as an organic modifier. The method exhibited high throughput and sensitivity and can baseline separate 11 of the 12 OPEs studied within 11
min with LOQs ranging from 2 to 6
ng/L. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 2–10%. For both reagent water and river water, the spiked recoveries of OPEs ranged from 70 to 110%, except for the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate that has recovery below 10%. The developed procedure was successfully applied to study the OPE contamination of the Songhua River, and it was found that all the target OPEs were detected with total concentrations of around 1
μg/L in the river waters.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.067</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | acetonitrile Analysis methods Analytical chemistry Applied sciences Chemistry Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography Chromatography Contamination esters Exact sciences and technology Flame retardants formic acid Freshwater gas chromatography High throughput hydrophobicity LC–MS/MS liquid chromatography Liquids Mass spectrometry methanol Natural water pollution Organophosphate esters Other chromatographic methods Phosphates Pollution Recovery river water Rivers Songhua River tandem mass spectrometry Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water |
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