Loading…
Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad Baltic regions of Russia
Two isolated Baltic seashore populations of Ixodes ticks were studied as vectors of different Borrelia genospecies in Russia by using darkfield microscopy and modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the Kalinigrad region (Kurish Spit, forests near the settlements of Lesnoye and Rybachy), 788 Ix...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Journal of medical entomology 1998-03, Vol.35 (2), p.136-142 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | eng ; rus |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-228e81863e20847892caf102d6c62a8cbfc7e4297f2d988edb1aad59e17ecba93 |
|---|---|
| cites | |
| container_end_page | 142 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 136 |
| container_title | Journal of medical entomology |
| container_volume | 35 |
| creator | Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.) Dubinina, H.V Antykova, L.P Dzhivanyan, T.I Rijpkema, S.G.T Verbeek-De Kruif, N Cinco, M |
| description | Two isolated Baltic seashore populations of Ixodes ticks were studied as vectors of different Borrelia genospecies in Russia by using darkfield microscopy and modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the Kalinigrad region (Kurish Spit, forests near the settlements of Lesnoye and Rybachy), 788 Ixodes ricinus (L.) adults and nymphs were collected by flagging and studied by darkfield microscopy during 1995-1996. There were 88 darkfield microscopy positive specimens (11.2%) of which 69 were also analyzed by PCR. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii were found individually and together in ticks. In this region, on the Kurish Spit, 7 patients with tick borrelioses were observed: 2 in the Russian part of Spit and 5 in the Lithuanian part. A significant difference was found between Borrelia prevalence during the spring and fall peaks of tick abundance. Specimens that were darkfield microscopy positive prevailed in the fall (25.15%) in comparison with the spring peak (7.3%). The number of specimens with identified genospecies prevailed in the spring: 22 out of 35 versus 4 out of 31 in the fall. Among 29 PCR positive I. ricinus, 21 contained B. afzelii, 3 had B. garinii, and 2 had dual infection. In 1995, only B. afzelii infected specimens were observed. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg (the seashore of the northern Gulf of Finland, in forests near Lisy Nos, Morskaja) during 1992-1996, 31 patients with a tick-borne borrelioses were registered. We collected 487 Ixodes persulcatus Schulze by flagging and studied them by darkfield microscopy in 1995-1996 of which 144 ticks (29.6%) were darkfield microscopy positive. Sixty darkfield-positive specimens were analyzed by PCR, and in 88.3% of cases genospecies were identified. B. afzelii and B. garinii were identified individually and together in ticks. In 1995, I. persulcatus with dual infection prevailed with 11 out of 21 (52.4% positive), whereas in 1996, most I. persulcatus ticks contained B. garinii (81.2%). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jmedent/35.2.136 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_79780392</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>79780392</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-228e81863e20847892caf102d6c62a8cbfc7e4297f2d988edb1aad59e17ecba93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkUtv1DAUhS0EKkNhzwbJC4RAIlM_8rCXpeJRUQlE27V1Y98El4w9tRMJfgl_Fw-NypKNLft859scQp5ztuVMy5ObHToM84lstmLLZfuAbLiWqhJaqIdkw5gQlWhU85g8yfmGMaZ4rY_IkW6kajq5Ib-vvP1R9TEFpOVMOPmYMdM9zN_jiIH6g98P3sLsY3kGev4zukLMpZjp61MLyQd4-_fbO8A31MZpQjujO9CX85Z-xRlT7pc0UgiOfobJBx_GBI6-g6mIaMKx2DONA_225OzhKXk0wJTx2Xofk-sP76_OPlUXXz6en51eVLbmaq6EUKi4aiUKpupOaWFh4Ey41rYClO0H22EtdDcIp5VC13MA12jkHdoetDwmr-68-xRvF8yz2flscZogYFyy6XSnmNTivyBvpaoZawrI7kCbYs4JB7NPfgfpl-HMHEYz62hGNkaYMlqpvFjdS1-y-8K6UslfrjlkC9OQIFif7zEhmGai-acZIBoYU0GuL7nWHVOyrZX8A2xerDo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>16384005</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad Baltic regions of Russia</title><source>Oxford Journals - Connect here FIRST to enable access</source><creator>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.) ; Dubinina, H.V ; Antykova, L.P ; Dzhivanyan, T.I ; Rijpkema, S.G.T ; Verbeek-De Kruif, N ; Cinco, M</creator><creatorcontrib>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.) ; Dubinina, H.V ; Antykova, L.P ; Dzhivanyan, T.I ; Rijpkema, S.G.T ; Verbeek-De Kruif, N ; Cinco, M</creatorcontrib><description>Two isolated Baltic seashore populations of Ixodes ticks were studied as vectors of different Borrelia genospecies in Russia by using darkfield microscopy and modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the Kalinigrad region (Kurish Spit, forests near the settlements of Lesnoye and Rybachy), 788 Ixodes ricinus (L.) adults and nymphs were collected by flagging and studied by darkfield microscopy during 1995-1996. There were 88 darkfield microscopy positive specimens (11.2%) of which 69 were also analyzed by PCR. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii were found individually and together in ticks. In this region, on the Kurish Spit, 7 patients with tick borrelioses were observed: 2 in the Russian part of Spit and 5 in the Lithuanian part. A significant difference was found between Borrelia prevalence during the spring and fall peaks of tick abundance. Specimens that were darkfield microscopy positive prevailed in the fall (25.15%) in comparison with the spring peak (7.3%). The number of specimens with identified genospecies prevailed in the spring: 22 out of 35 versus 4 out of 31 in the fall. Among 29 PCR positive I. ricinus, 21 contained B. afzelii, 3 had B. garinii, and 2 had dual infection. In 1995, only B. afzelii infected specimens were observed. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg (the seashore of the northern Gulf of Finland, in forests near Lisy Nos, Morskaja) during 1992-1996, 31 patients with a tick-borne borrelioses were registered. We collected 487 Ixodes persulcatus Schulze by flagging and studied them by darkfield microscopy in 1995-1996 of which 144 ticks (29.6%) were darkfield microscopy positive. Sixty darkfield-positive specimens were analyzed by PCR, and in 88.3% of cases genospecies were identified. B. afzelii and B. garinii were identified individually and together in ticks. In 1995, I. persulcatus with dual infection prevailed with 11 out of 21 (52.4% positive), whereas in 1996, most I. persulcatus ticks contained B. garinii (81.2%).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2585</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-2928</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/35.2.136</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9538573</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMENA6</identifier><language>eng ; rus</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>AETIOLOGY ; Animals ; BACTERIOSES ; Baltic States ; BORRELIA ; Borrelia - classification ; Borrelia - growth & development ; Borrelia - isolation & purification ; BORRELIA AFZELII ; BORRELIA GARINII ; DISEASE PREVALENCE ; DISEASE VECTORS ; Female ; Geography ; IDENTIFICATION ; IXODES ; Ixodes - growth & development ; Ixodes - microbiology ; IXODES PERSULCATUS ; IXODES RICINUS ; LITHUANIA ; Male ; MIXED INFECTIONS ; PATHOGENESIS ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Russia ; RUSSIAN FEDERATION ; SEASONAL VARIATION ; Seasons ; TICKBORNE DISEASES ; VECTORS</subject><ispartof>Journal of medical entomology, 1998-03, Vol.35 (2), p.136-142</ispartof><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-228e81863e20847892caf102d6c62a8cbfc7e4297f2d988edb1aad59e17ecba93</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2209025$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9538573$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubinina, H.V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antykova, L.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dzhivanyan, T.I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rijpkema, S.G.T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verbeek-De Kruif, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cinco, M</creatorcontrib><title>Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad Baltic regions of Russia</title><title>Journal of medical entomology</title><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><description>Two isolated Baltic seashore populations of Ixodes ticks were studied as vectors of different Borrelia genospecies in Russia by using darkfield microscopy and modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the Kalinigrad region (Kurish Spit, forests near the settlements of Lesnoye and Rybachy), 788 Ixodes ricinus (L.) adults and nymphs were collected by flagging and studied by darkfield microscopy during 1995-1996. There were 88 darkfield microscopy positive specimens (11.2%) of which 69 were also analyzed by PCR. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii were found individually and together in ticks. In this region, on the Kurish Spit, 7 patients with tick borrelioses were observed: 2 in the Russian part of Spit and 5 in the Lithuanian part. A significant difference was found between Borrelia prevalence during the spring and fall peaks of tick abundance. Specimens that were darkfield microscopy positive prevailed in the fall (25.15%) in comparison with the spring peak (7.3%). The number of specimens with identified genospecies prevailed in the spring: 22 out of 35 versus 4 out of 31 in the fall. Among 29 PCR positive I. ricinus, 21 contained B. afzelii, 3 had B. garinii, and 2 had dual infection. In 1995, only B. afzelii infected specimens were observed. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg (the seashore of the northern Gulf of Finland, in forests near Lisy Nos, Morskaja) during 1992-1996, 31 patients with a tick-borne borrelioses were registered. We collected 487 Ixodes persulcatus Schulze by flagging and studied them by darkfield microscopy in 1995-1996 of which 144 ticks (29.6%) were darkfield microscopy positive. Sixty darkfield-positive specimens were analyzed by PCR, and in 88.3% of cases genospecies were identified. B. afzelii and B. garinii were identified individually and together in ticks. In 1995, I. persulcatus with dual infection prevailed with 11 out of 21 (52.4% positive), whereas in 1996, most I. persulcatus ticks contained B. garinii (81.2%).</description><subject>AETIOLOGY</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>BACTERIOSES</subject><subject>Baltic States</subject><subject>BORRELIA</subject><subject>Borrelia - classification</subject><subject>Borrelia - growth & development</subject><subject>Borrelia - isolation & purification</subject><subject>BORRELIA AFZELII</subject><subject>BORRELIA GARINII</subject><subject>DISEASE PREVALENCE</subject><subject>DISEASE VECTORS</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>IDENTIFICATION</subject><subject>IXODES</subject><subject>Ixodes - growth & development</subject><subject>Ixodes - microbiology</subject><subject>IXODES PERSULCATUS</subject><subject>IXODES RICINUS</subject><subject>LITHUANIA</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MIXED INFECTIONS</subject><subject>PATHOGENESIS</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Russia</subject><subject>RUSSIAN FEDERATION</subject><subject>SEASONAL VARIATION</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>TICKBORNE DISEASES</subject><subject>VECTORS</subject><issn>0022-2585</issn><issn>1938-2928</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkUtv1DAUhS0EKkNhzwbJC4RAIlM_8rCXpeJRUQlE27V1Y98El4w9tRMJfgl_Fw-NypKNLft859scQp5ztuVMy5ObHToM84lstmLLZfuAbLiWqhJaqIdkw5gQlWhU85g8yfmGMaZ4rY_IkW6kajq5Ib-vvP1R9TEFpOVMOPmYMdM9zN_jiIH6g98P3sLsY3kGev4zukLMpZjp61MLyQd4-_fbO8A31MZpQjujO9CX85Z-xRlT7pc0UgiOfobJBx_GBI6-g6mIaMKx2DONA_225OzhKXk0wJTx2Xofk-sP76_OPlUXXz6en51eVLbmaq6EUKi4aiUKpupOaWFh4Ey41rYClO0H22EtdDcIp5VC13MA12jkHdoetDwmr-68-xRvF8yz2flscZogYFyy6XSnmNTivyBvpaoZawrI7kCbYs4JB7NPfgfpl-HMHEYz62hGNkaYMlqpvFjdS1-y-8K6UslfrjlkC9OQIFif7zEhmGai-acZIBoYU0GuL7nWHVOyrZX8A2xerDo</recordid><startdate>19980301</startdate><enddate>19980301</enddate><creator>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.)</creator><creator>Dubinina, H.V</creator><creator>Antykova, L.P</creator><creator>Dzhivanyan, T.I</creator><creator>Rijpkema, S.G.T</creator><creator>Verbeek-De Kruif, N</creator><creator>Cinco, M</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980301</creationdate><title>Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad Baltic regions of Russia</title><author>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.) ; Dubinina, H.V ; Antykova, L.P ; Dzhivanyan, T.I ; Rijpkema, S.G.T ; Verbeek-De Kruif, N ; Cinco, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-228e81863e20847892caf102d6c62a8cbfc7e4297f2d988edb1aad59e17ecba93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng ; rus</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>AETIOLOGY</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>BACTERIOSES</topic><topic>Baltic States</topic><topic>BORRELIA</topic><topic>Borrelia - classification</topic><topic>Borrelia - growth & development</topic><topic>Borrelia - isolation & purification</topic><topic>BORRELIA AFZELII</topic><topic>BORRELIA GARINII</topic><topic>DISEASE PREVALENCE</topic><topic>DISEASE VECTORS</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>IDENTIFICATION</topic><topic>IXODES</topic><topic>Ixodes - growth & development</topic><topic>Ixodes - microbiology</topic><topic>IXODES PERSULCATUS</topic><topic>IXODES RICINUS</topic><topic>LITHUANIA</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MIXED INFECTIONS</topic><topic>PATHOGENESIS</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Russia</topic><topic>RUSSIAN FEDERATION</topic><topic>SEASONAL VARIATION</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>TICKBORNE DISEASES</topic><topic>VECTORS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubinina, H.V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antykova, L.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dzhivanyan, T.I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rijpkema, S.G.T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verbeek-De Kruif, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cinco, M</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of medical entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alekseev, A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.)</au><au>Dubinina, H.V</au><au>Antykova, L.P</au><au>Dzhivanyan, T.I</au><au>Rijpkema, S.G.T</au><au>Verbeek-De Kruif, N</au><au>Cinco, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad Baltic regions of Russia</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medical entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><date>1998-03-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>136</spage><epage>142</epage><pages>136-142</pages><issn>0022-2585</issn><eissn>1938-2928</eissn><coden>JMENA6</coden><notes>L73</notes><notes>T10</notes><notes>L72</notes><notes>1997083648</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-1</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><abstract>Two isolated Baltic seashore populations of Ixodes ticks were studied as vectors of different Borrelia genospecies in Russia by using darkfield microscopy and modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the Kalinigrad region (Kurish Spit, forests near the settlements of Lesnoye and Rybachy), 788 Ixodes ricinus (L.) adults and nymphs were collected by flagging and studied by darkfield microscopy during 1995-1996. There were 88 darkfield microscopy positive specimens (11.2%) of which 69 were also analyzed by PCR. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii were found individually and together in ticks. In this region, on the Kurish Spit, 7 patients with tick borrelioses were observed: 2 in the Russian part of Spit and 5 in the Lithuanian part. A significant difference was found between Borrelia prevalence during the spring and fall peaks of tick abundance. Specimens that were darkfield microscopy positive prevailed in the fall (25.15%) in comparison with the spring peak (7.3%). The number of specimens with identified genospecies prevailed in the spring: 22 out of 35 versus 4 out of 31 in the fall. Among 29 PCR positive I. ricinus, 21 contained B. afzelii, 3 had B. garinii, and 2 had dual infection. In 1995, only B. afzelii infected specimens were observed. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg (the seashore of the northern Gulf of Finland, in forests near Lisy Nos, Morskaja) during 1992-1996, 31 patients with a tick-borne borrelioses were registered. We collected 487 Ixodes persulcatus Schulze by flagging and studied them by darkfield microscopy in 1995-1996 of which 144 ticks (29.6%) were darkfield microscopy positive. Sixty darkfield-positive specimens were analyzed by PCR, and in 88.3% of cases genospecies were identified. B. afzelii and B. garinii were identified individually and together in ticks. In 1995, I. persulcatus with dual infection prevailed with 11 out of 21 (52.4% positive), whereas in 1996, most I. persulcatus ticks contained B. garinii (81.2%).</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>9538573</pmid><doi>10.1093/jmedent/35.2.136</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-2585 |
| ispartof | Journal of medical entomology, 1998-03, Vol.35 (2), p.136-142 |
| issn | 0022-2585 1938-2928 |
| language | eng ; rus |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_79780392 |
| source | Oxford Journals - Connect here FIRST to enable access |
| subjects | AETIOLOGY Animals BACTERIOSES Baltic States BORRELIA Borrelia - classification Borrelia - growth & development Borrelia - isolation & purification BORRELIA AFZELII BORRELIA GARINII DISEASE PREVALENCE DISEASE VECTORS Female Geography IDENTIFICATION IXODES Ixodes - growth & development Ixodes - microbiology IXODES PERSULCATUS IXODES RICINUS LITHUANIA Male MIXED INFECTIONS PATHOGENESIS Polymerase Chain Reaction Russia RUSSIAN FEDERATION SEASONAL VARIATION Seasons TICKBORNE DISEASES VECTORS |
| title | Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad Baltic regions of Russia |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-22T04%3A40%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tick-borne%20borrelioses%20pathogen%20identification%20in%20Ixodes%20ticks%20(Acarina,%20Ixodidae)%20collected%20in%20St.%20Petersburg%20and%20Kaliningrad%20Baltic%20regions%20of%20Russia&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20medical%20entomology&rft.au=Alekseev,%20A.N.%20(Russian%20Academy%20of%20Sciences,%20St.%20Petersburg,%20Russia.)&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.epage=142&rft.pages=136-142&rft.issn=0022-2585&rft.eissn=1938-2928&rft.coden=JMENA6&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/jmedent/35.2.136&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E79780392%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-228e81863e20847892caf102d6c62a8cbfc7e4297f2d988edb1aad59e17ecba93%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=16384005&rft_id=info:pmid/9538573&rfr_iscdi=true |