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hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in boys during the first six months of life: a comparison of cryptorchidism and hypospadias cases with controls
It is inconclusive whether the feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HTP) axis are already established in the first 6 months of life, partly due to the dramatic changes in HPT-axis hormone levels over this period. Moreover, it is unclear whether these hormone levels are aberrant...
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| Published in: | International journal of andrology 2009-10, Vol.32 (5), p.453-461 |
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| container_title | International journal of andrology |
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| creator | Pierik, Frank H Deddens, James A Burdorf, Alex Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck Jong, Frank H. de Weber, Rob F.A |
| description | It is inconclusive whether the feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HTP) axis are already established in the first 6 months of life, partly due to the dramatic changes in HPT-axis hormone levels over this period. Moreover, it is unclear whether these hormone levels are aberrant in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias, and therefore predictive for future fertility. We studied the regulation mechanisms of the HTP axis, and the effect of age, in boys 1-6 months of age. Secondly, we studied testicular function - as reflected by HPT hormones - in newborns with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Sera from a population sample of infants with cryptorchidism (n = 43), hypospadias (n = 41) and controls (n = 113) were analyzed for inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). LH, testosterone, non-shbg-bound testosterone (NSBT), and AHM levels showed significant age-related trends. After age-correction, a negative correlation between FSH and inhibin B was observed (r = -0.43). The only significant group-differences were lower testosterone and NSBT levels in cryptorchidism cases, with a mean testosterone of 1.8 and 2.6 nmol/L and a mean NSBT of 0.48 and 0.70 nmol/L for cryptorchidism cases and controls, respectively. The higher levels of LH, testosterone, and NSBT in boys born pre-term or with a low birthweight indicate that abnormal prenatal development may determine postnatal testis function. Our results support the hypothesis that the inhibin B - FSH feedback loop is already functional before puberty. The lower testosterone and NSBT levels indicate that disturbed Leydig cell function can already be detected early after birth in cryptorchid boys. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00877.x |
| format | article |
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Moreover, it is unclear whether these hormone levels are aberrant in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias, and therefore predictive for future fertility. We studied the regulation mechanisms of the HTP axis, and the effect of age, in boys 1-6 months of age. Secondly, we studied testicular function - as reflected by HPT hormones - in newborns with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Sera from a population sample of infants with cryptorchidism (n = 43), hypospadias (n = 41) and controls (n = 113) were analyzed for inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). LH, testosterone, non-shbg-bound testosterone (NSBT), and AHM levels showed significant age-related trends. After age-correction, a negative correlation between FSH and inhibin B was observed (r = -0.43). The only significant group-differences were lower testosterone and NSBT levels in cryptorchidism cases, with a mean testosterone of 1.8 and 2.6 nmol/L and a mean NSBT of 0.48 and 0.70 nmol/L for cryptorchidism cases and controls, respectively. The higher levels of LH, testosterone, and NSBT in boys born pre-term or with a low birthweight indicate that abnormal prenatal development may determine postnatal testis function. Our results support the hypothesis that the inhibin B - FSH feedback loop is already functional before puberty. The lower testosterone and NSBT levels indicate that disturbed Leydig cell function can already be detected early after birth in cryptorchid boys.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0105-6263</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2605</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00877.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18336537</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJANDP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>AHM ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; cryptorchidism ; Cryptorchidism - physiopathology ; FSH ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Humans ; hypospadias ; Hypospadias - physiopathology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; inhibin B ; Male ; Male genital diseases ; Malformations of the urinary system ; Mammalian male genital system ; Medical sciences ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; newborn boys ; Non tumoral diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; testosterone ; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous ; Urinary tract. Prostate gland ; Vertebrates: reproduction</subject><ispartof>International journal of andrology, 2009-10, Vol.32 (5), p.453-461</ispartof><rights>2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 European Academy of Andrology</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5417-9b1728737be40c9c5ee8d1ea5b9485f72c073be4d66e1f3024423a57da8072523</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5417-9b1728737be40c9c5ee8d1ea5b9485f72c073be4d66e1f3024423a57da8072523</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2605.2008.00877.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2605.2008.00877.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,50923,51032</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21914262$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18336537$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pierik, Frank H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deddens, James A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burdorf, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jong, Frank H. de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, Rob F.A</creatorcontrib><title>hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in boys during the first six months of life: a comparison of cryptorchidism and hypospadias cases with controls</title><title>International journal of andrology</title><addtitle>Int J Androl</addtitle><description>It is inconclusive whether the feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HTP) axis are already established in the first 6 months of life, partly due to the dramatic changes in HPT-axis hormone levels over this period. Moreover, it is unclear whether these hormone levels are aberrant in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias, and therefore predictive for future fertility. We studied the regulation mechanisms of the HTP axis, and the effect of age, in boys 1-6 months of age. Secondly, we studied testicular function - as reflected by HPT hormones - in newborns with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Sera from a population sample of infants with cryptorchidism (n = 43), hypospadias (n = 41) and controls (n = 113) were analyzed for inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). LH, testosterone, non-shbg-bound testosterone (NSBT), and AHM levels showed significant age-related trends. After age-correction, a negative correlation between FSH and inhibin B was observed (r = -0.43). The only significant group-differences were lower testosterone and NSBT levels in cryptorchidism cases, with a mean testosterone of 1.8 and 2.6 nmol/L and a mean NSBT of 0.48 and 0.70 nmol/L for cryptorchidism cases and controls, respectively. The higher levels of LH, testosterone, and NSBT in boys born pre-term or with a low birthweight indicate that abnormal prenatal development may determine postnatal testis function. Our results support the hypothesis that the inhibin B - FSH feedback loop is already functional before puberty. The lower testosterone and NSBT levels indicate that disturbed Leydig cell function can already be detected early after birth in cryptorchid boys.</description><subject>AHM</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>cryptorchidism</subject><subject>Cryptorchidism - physiopathology</subject><subject>FSH</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>hypospadias</subject><subject>Hypospadias - physiopathology</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>inhibin B</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Male genital diseases</subject><subject>Malformations of the urinary system</subject><subject>Mammalian male genital system</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>newborn boys</subject><subject>Non tumoral diseases</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>testosterone</subject><subject>Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><subject>Vertebrates: reproduction</subject><issn>0105-6263</issn><issn>1365-2605</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkdtu1DAQhiMEotvCK4BvoFdZfIhjLxIXVQWlpSpItII7y-s4jZckDh5H3bwGT4zDrpY7hCUf5Pn-GY__LEMEL0kabzZLwkqe0xLzJcVYLtMUYrl9lC0OgcfZAhPM85KW7Cg7BthgjJlk5Gl2RCRLGBOL7FczDT42utXdCPng4uiiDlMeLUQHSG_T4nq09hOgagyuv0exsah2ASICt0Wd72MDyNeodbV9izQyvht0cOD7-daEaYg-mMZVDjqk-wrNJWHQldOAjAYL6MHFJun6GHwLz7IntW7BPt_vJ9ndh_e35x_z688Xl-dn17nhBRH5ak0ElYKJtS2wWRlurayI1Xy9KiSvBTVYsBSrytKSmmFaFJRpLiotsaCcspPsdJd3CP7nmPpVnQNj21b31o-gBCtwwSVniXz9T5JiySiVRQLlDjTBAwRbqyG4Lv2nIljNzqmNmg1Ss0Fqdk79cU5tk_TFvsa47mz1V7i3KgGv9oAGo9s66N44OHCUrEhBy7mtdzvuwbV2-u8HqMurs5t0Svp8p3cQ7fag1-GHKtNvc_Xt5kLd0u_FJya_qKvEv9zxtfZK3yfj1d1XignDpEzpJGa_ASUgzwM</recordid><startdate>200910</startdate><enddate>200910</enddate><creator>Pierik, Frank H</creator><creator>Deddens, James A</creator><creator>Burdorf, Alex</creator><creator>Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck</creator><creator>Jong, Frank H. de</creator><creator>Weber, Rob F.A</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200910</creationdate><title>hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in boys during the first six months of life: a comparison of cryptorchidism and hypospadias cases with controls</title><author>Pierik, Frank H ; Deddens, James A ; Burdorf, Alex ; Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck ; Jong, Frank H. de ; Weber, Rob F.A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5417-9b1728737be40c9c5ee8d1ea5b9485f72c073be4d66e1f3024423a57da8072523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>AHM</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>cryptorchidism</topic><topic>Cryptorchidism - physiopathology</topic><topic>FSH</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>hypospadias</topic><topic>Hypospadias - physiopathology</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>inhibin B</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Male genital diseases</topic><topic>Malformations of the urinary system</topic><topic>Mammalian male genital system</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>newborn boys</topic><topic>Non tumoral diseases</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>testosterone</topic><topic>Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</topic><topic>Vertebrates: reproduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pierik, Frank H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deddens, James A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burdorf, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jong, Frank H. de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, Rob F.A</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of andrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pierik, Frank H</au><au>Deddens, James A</au><au>Burdorf, Alex</au><au>Keizer-Schrama, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck</au><au>Jong, Frank H. de</au><au>Weber, Rob F.A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in boys during the first six months of life: a comparison of cryptorchidism and hypospadias cases with controls</atitle><jtitle>International journal of andrology</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Androl</addtitle><date>2009-10</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>453</spage><epage>461</epage><pages>453-461</pages><issn>0105-6263</issn><eissn>1365-2605</eissn><coden>IJANDP</coden><notes>http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00877.x</notes><notes>ark:/67375/WNG-T2X4K38P-J</notes><notes>istex:3AFF3A0CD679E62932EC12F502A484B2B2F303CA</notes><notes>ArticleID:IJAN877</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-1</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><abstract>It is inconclusive whether the feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HTP) axis are already established in the first 6 months of life, partly due to the dramatic changes in HPT-axis hormone levels over this period. Moreover, it is unclear whether these hormone levels are aberrant in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias, and therefore predictive for future fertility. We studied the regulation mechanisms of the HTP axis, and the effect of age, in boys 1-6 months of age. Secondly, we studied testicular function - as reflected by HPT hormones - in newborns with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Sera from a population sample of infants with cryptorchidism (n = 43), hypospadias (n = 41) and controls (n = 113) were analyzed for inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). LH, testosterone, non-shbg-bound testosterone (NSBT), and AHM levels showed significant age-related trends. After age-correction, a negative correlation between FSH and inhibin B was observed (r = -0.43). The only significant group-differences were lower testosterone and NSBT levels in cryptorchidism cases, with a mean testosterone of 1.8 and 2.6 nmol/L and a mean NSBT of 0.48 and 0.70 nmol/L for cryptorchidism cases and controls, respectively. The higher levels of LH, testosterone, and NSBT in boys born pre-term or with a low birthweight indicate that abnormal prenatal development may determine postnatal testis function. Our results support the hypothesis that the inhibin B - FSH feedback loop is already functional before puberty. The lower testosterone and NSBT levels indicate that disturbed Leydig cell function can already be detected early after birth in cryptorchid boys.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>18336537</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00877.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of andrology, 2009-10, Vol.32 (5), p.453-461 |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Journals |
| subjects | AHM Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies cryptorchidism Cryptorchidism - physiopathology FSH Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Humans hypospadias Hypospadias - physiopathology Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Infant Infant, Newborn inhibin B Male Male genital diseases Malformations of the urinary system Mammalian male genital system Medical sciences Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases newborn boys Non tumoral diseases Surveys and Questionnaires testosterone Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous Urinary tract. Prostate gland Vertebrates: reproduction |
| title | hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in boys during the first six months of life: a comparison of cryptorchidism and hypospadias cases with controls |
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