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Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa L.)
Hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa) secrete normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime. The epidermal mucus is produced continuously to prevent pathogen adherence while the extruded slime is observed predominantly during feeding, provocation or stress. To date little is known about the involvement of extrude...
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Published in: | Fish & shellfish immunology 2008-11, Vol.25 (5), p.625-632 |
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creator | Subramanian, S. Ross, N.W. MacKinnon, S.L. |
description | Hagfish (
Myxine glutinosa) secrete normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime. The epidermal mucus is produced continuously to prevent pathogen adherence while the extruded slime is observed predominantly during feeding, provocation or stress. To date little is known about the involvement of extruded slime in the physiological functions of hagfish. In this preliminary study, innate immune enzymes and the protein composition of hagfish normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime were analysed and compared. The lysozyme specific activity of hagfish was observed approximately two-fold higher in extruded slime than that of epidermal mucus. The extruded slime had approximately 3.5–5.0 fold increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin B and proteases in comparison to epidermal mucus. Protease characterization using specific inhibitors showed that the extruded slime had higher levels of serine trypsin-like proteases compared to metalloproteases whereas epidermal mucus showed equal proportion of both serine and metalloproteases. SDS-PAGE analysis showed high levels of three proteins with molecular masses in the range of 13–16
kDa in the extruded slime. The LC/MS/MS analysis of protein bands 1, 2 and 3 showed closest matches to hemoglobulin-3, histone H3 and H2B proteins, respectively. The observation of elevated levels of innate immune parameters in the extruded slime suggested that the extruded slime has a significant role in innate immunity of hagfish against infectious pathogens. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.08.012 |
format | article |
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Myxine glutinosa) secrete normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime. The epidermal mucus is produced continuously to prevent pathogen adherence while the extruded slime is observed predominantly during feeding, provocation or stress. To date little is known about the involvement of extruded slime in the physiological functions of hagfish. In this preliminary study, innate immune enzymes and the protein composition of hagfish normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime were analysed and compared. The lysozyme specific activity of hagfish was observed approximately two-fold higher in extruded slime than that of epidermal mucus. The extruded slime had approximately 3.5–5.0 fold increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin B and proteases in comparison to epidermal mucus. Protease characterization using specific inhibitors showed that the extruded slime had higher levels of serine trypsin-like proteases compared to metalloproteases whereas epidermal mucus showed equal proportion of both serine and metalloproteases. SDS-PAGE analysis showed high levels of three proteins with molecular masses in the range of 13–16
kDa in the extruded slime. The LC/MS/MS analysis of protein bands 1, 2 and 3 showed closest matches to hemoglobulin-3, histone H3 and H2B proteins, respectively. The observation of elevated levels of innate immune parameters in the extruded slime suggested that the extruded slime has a significant role in innate immunity of hagfish against infectious pathogens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-4648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.08.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18817881</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Epidermis - immunology ; Epidermis - metabolism ; Extruded slime ; Hagfishes - immunology ; Hagfishes - metabolism ; Hemoglobin ; Histone H2B ; Histone H3 ; Hydrolytic enzymes ; Marine ; Mucus - chemistry ; Mucus - immunology ; Mucus - metabolism ; Myxine glutinosa ; Myxinidae ; Proteases</subject><ispartof>Fish & shellfish immunology, 2008-11, Vol.25 (5), p.625-632</ispartof><rights>2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-8ce98655527b3ab53fad606cd2f32fdb546ea46d7e40a069040aecf4698e7b323</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817881$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Subramanian, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ross, N.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacKinnon, S.L.</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa L.)</title><title>Fish & shellfish immunology</title><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><description>Hagfish (
Myxine glutinosa) secrete normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime. The epidermal mucus is produced continuously to prevent pathogen adherence while the extruded slime is observed predominantly during feeding, provocation or stress. To date little is known about the involvement of extruded slime in the physiological functions of hagfish. In this preliminary study, innate immune enzymes and the protein composition of hagfish normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime were analysed and compared. The lysozyme specific activity of hagfish was observed approximately two-fold higher in extruded slime than that of epidermal mucus. The extruded slime had approximately 3.5–5.0 fold increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin B and proteases in comparison to epidermal mucus. Protease characterization using specific inhibitors showed that the extruded slime had higher levels of serine trypsin-like proteases compared to metalloproteases whereas epidermal mucus showed equal proportion of both serine and metalloproteases. SDS-PAGE analysis showed high levels of three proteins with molecular masses in the range of 13–16
kDa in the extruded slime. The LC/MS/MS analysis of protein bands 1, 2 and 3 showed closest matches to hemoglobulin-3, histone H3 and H2B proteins, respectively. The observation of elevated levels of innate immune parameters in the extruded slime suggested that the extruded slime has a significant role in innate immunity of hagfish against infectious pathogens.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Epidermis - immunology</subject><subject>Epidermis - metabolism</subject><subject>Extruded slime</subject><subject>Hagfishes - immunology</subject><subject>Hagfishes - metabolism</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Histone H2B</subject><subject>Histone H3</subject><subject>Hydrolytic enzymes</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Mucus - chemistry</subject><subject>Mucus - immunology</subject><subject>Mucus - metabolism</subject><subject>Myxine glutinosa</subject><subject>Myxinidae</subject><subject>Proteases</subject><issn>1050-4648</issn><issn>1095-9947</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU1r3DAQhkVJaD7aH9BL0Ck0B7uSLcsSPYWlSQMbemnPQpZGWS22tZXssPn3kbsLuaUwwwwzz7wIvQh9oaSkhPJv29IlX1aEiHIJWn1A55TIppCStSdL35CCcSbO0EVKW0IIrzn5iM6oELTNeY72qzDsdPQpjDg4PG0Adz6YDQze6B6bvA3JT_6wHkMc8hR23sK_bpjNnLAeLYb9FGcLFqfeD7DAG_3kfNrgr_jxZe9HwE_9PPkxJI3X5c0ndOp0n-DzsV6iP3c_fq9-Futf9w-r23VhGBNTIQxIwZumqdqu1l1TO2054cZWrq6c7RrGQTNuW2BEEy5JLmAc41JAvqjqS3R90N3F8HeGNKnBJwN9r0cIc1Jctlm7Zv8FqWyEkIJkkB5AE0NKEZzaRT_o-KIoUYsvaquyL2rxRS1Bl1dcHcXnbgD7dnE0IgPfDwDkv3j2EFUyHkYD1kcwk7LBvyP_CowOnyE</recordid><startdate>20081101</startdate><enddate>20081101</enddate><creator>Subramanian, S.</creator><creator>Ross, N.W.</creator><creator>MacKinnon, S.L.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081101</creationdate><title>Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa L.)</title><author>Subramanian, S. ; Ross, N.W. ; MacKinnon, S.L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-8ce98655527b3ab53fad606cd2f32fdb546ea46d7e40a069040aecf4698e7b323</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Epidermis - immunology</topic><topic>Epidermis - metabolism</topic><topic>Extruded slime</topic><topic>Hagfishes - immunology</topic><topic>Hagfishes - metabolism</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Histone H2B</topic><topic>Histone H3</topic><topic>Hydrolytic enzymes</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Mucus - chemistry</topic><topic>Mucus - immunology</topic><topic>Mucus - metabolism</topic><topic>Myxine glutinosa</topic><topic>Myxinidae</topic><topic>Proteases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Subramanian, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ross, N.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacKinnon, S.L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Subramanian, S.</au><au>Ross, N.W.</au><au>MacKinnon, S.L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa L.)</atitle><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><date>2008-11-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>625</spage><epage>632</epage><pages>625-632</pages><issn>1050-4648</issn><eissn>1095-9947</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Hagfish (
Myxine glutinosa) secrete normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime. The epidermal mucus is produced continuously to prevent pathogen adherence while the extruded slime is observed predominantly during feeding, provocation or stress. To date little is known about the involvement of extruded slime in the physiological functions of hagfish. In this preliminary study, innate immune enzymes and the protein composition of hagfish normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime were analysed and compared. The lysozyme specific activity of hagfish was observed approximately two-fold higher in extruded slime than that of epidermal mucus. The extruded slime had approximately 3.5–5.0 fold increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin B and proteases in comparison to epidermal mucus. Protease characterization using specific inhibitors showed that the extruded slime had higher levels of serine trypsin-like proteases compared to metalloproteases whereas epidermal mucus showed equal proportion of both serine and metalloproteases. SDS-PAGE analysis showed high levels of three proteins with molecular masses in the range of 13–16
kDa in the extruded slime. The LC/MS/MS analysis of protein bands 1, 2 and 3 showed closest matches to hemoglobulin-3, histone H3 and H2B proteins, respectively. The observation of elevated levels of innate immune parameters in the extruded slime suggested that the extruded slime has a significant role in innate immunity of hagfish against infectious pathogens.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>18817881</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fsi.2008.08.012</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Epidermis - immunology Epidermis - metabolism Extruded slime Hagfishes - immunology Hagfishes - metabolism Hemoglobin Histone H2B Histone H3 Hydrolytic enzymes Marine Mucus - chemistry Mucus - immunology Mucus - metabolism Myxine glutinosa Myxinidae Proteases |
title | Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa L.) |
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