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Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England
Background: This case–control study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under. Methods: Patients were recruited over a 3‐year period between 1999 and 2001 from 14 hospitals in the southeast of England, UK. Results: Fifty‐three (80%) newly diagnosed pat...
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| Published in: | Journal of oral pathology & medicine 2004-10, Vol.33 (9), p.525-532 |
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| container_end_page | 532 |
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 525 |
| container_title | Journal of oral pathology & medicine |
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| creator | Llewellyn, C. D. Johnson, N. W. Warnakulasuriya, K. A. A. S. |
| description | Background: This case–control study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under.
Methods: Patients were recruited over a 3‐year period between 1999 and 2001 from 14 hospitals in the southeast of England, UK.
Results: Fifty‐three (80%) newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity participated. The mean age of cases at diagnosis was 38.5 years (SD = 7.0) and 53% were male. Patients were interviewed about main risk factors of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in the past. Ninety‐one matched control patients were also recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from adjusted conditional logistic analyses. Significantly elevated ORs were evidenced amongst males who had started to smoke under the age of 16 years (OR = 14.3; 95% CI: 1.1–178.8). A significant reduction in risk was also shown for ex‐smokers (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8). Consumption of alcohol in excess of recommended amounts also produced an eightfold risk in males (OR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.6–40.1) and over a fourfold risk of oral cancer from the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol and having ever smoked (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.1–17.7).
Conclusion: The study shows that the traditional behavioural risk factors are present in younger people diagnosed with oral cancer. The relatively short duration of exposure and the substantial number of cases without any known risk factors, particularly amongst females, however, suggest that factors other than tobacco and alcohol may also be implicated in the development of oral cancer in a proportion of these younger patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00222.x |
| format | article |
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Methods: Patients were recruited over a 3‐year period between 1999 and 2001 from 14 hospitals in the southeast of England, UK.
Results: Fifty‐three (80%) newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity participated. The mean age of cases at diagnosis was 38.5 years (SD = 7.0) and 53% were male. Patients were interviewed about main risk factors of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in the past. Ninety‐one matched control patients were also recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from adjusted conditional logistic analyses. Significantly elevated ORs were evidenced amongst males who had started to smoke under the age of 16 years (OR = 14.3; 95% CI: 1.1–178.8). A significant reduction in risk was also shown for ex‐smokers (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8). Consumption of alcohol in excess of recommended amounts also produced an eightfold risk in males (OR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.6–40.1) and over a fourfold risk of oral cancer from the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol and having ever smoked (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.1–17.7).
Conclusion: The study shows that the traditional behavioural risk factors are present in younger people diagnosed with oral cancer. The relatively short duration of exposure and the substantial number of cases without any known risk factors, particularly amongst females, however, suggest that factors other than tobacco and alcohol may also be implicated in the development of oral cancer in a proportion of these younger patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0904-2512</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0714</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00222.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15357672</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Munksgaard International Publishers</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Confidence Intervals ; Dentistry ; Diet - statistics & numerical data ; England - epidemiology ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; oral cancer ; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data ; Tumors ; Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology ; Vegetables ; young people</subject><ispartof>Journal of oral pathology & medicine, 2004-10, Vol.33 (9), p.525-532</ispartof><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4982-760eec002e18c674d4ec85bf0056a949247ccd698907c6a011d94b070dd354a63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4982-760eec002e18c674d4ec85bf0056a949247ccd698907c6a011d94b070dd354a63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0714.2004.00222.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0714.2004.00222.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,50923,51032</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16100521$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15357672$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Llewellyn, C. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, N. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warnakulasuriya, K. A. A. S.</creatorcontrib><title>Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England</title><title>Journal of oral pathology & medicine</title><addtitle>J Oral Pathol Med</addtitle><description>Background: This case–control study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under.
Methods: Patients were recruited over a 3‐year period between 1999 and 2001 from 14 hospitals in the southeast of England, UK.
Results: Fifty‐three (80%) newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity participated. The mean age of cases at diagnosis was 38.5 years (SD = 7.0) and 53% were male. Patients were interviewed about main risk factors of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in the past. Ninety‐one matched control patients were also recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from adjusted conditional logistic analyses. Significantly elevated ORs were evidenced amongst males who had started to smoke under the age of 16 years (OR = 14.3; 95% CI: 1.1–178.8). A significant reduction in risk was also shown for ex‐smokers (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8). Consumption of alcohol in excess of recommended amounts also produced an eightfold risk in males (OR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.6–40.1) and over a fourfold risk of oral cancer from the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol and having ever smoked (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.1–17.7).
Conclusion: The study shows that the traditional behavioural risk factors are present in younger people diagnosed with oral cancer. The relatively short duration of exposure and the substantial number of cases without any known risk factors, particularly amongst females, however, suggest that factors other than tobacco and alcohol may also be implicated in the development of oral cancer in a proportion of these younger patients.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Confidence Intervals</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Diet - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>England - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fruit</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>oral cancer</subject><subject>Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>young people</subject><issn>0904-2512</issn><issn>1600-0714</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkM9u1DAQhy0EokvhFZAvcEsYO46dIC6olJayoog_6tHy2pMl22y82Im6uVRIvClPgpddtVd8sS1_33jmRwhlkLO0Xq1yJgEyUEzkHEDkAJzzfPuAzO4eHpIZ1CAyXjJ-RJ7EuAJgqhDsMTliZVEqqfiM3H5p4zVtjB18iLTxgfpgOmpNbzHQtqc93nQTda1Z9j6ioxsztNgPkZpluonyz6_fE5rkmt7RyY_9EsNralKFiJn1_RB8R-MwumlX7asfhx8YenraL7tkPCWPGtNFfHbYj8n396ffTs6z-eXZh5O388yKuuKZkoBo05DIKiuVcAJtVS4agFKaWtRcKGudrKsalJUGGHO1WIAC54pSGFkck5f7upvgf44YB71uo8Uu9YB-jFrKSgpZQwKrPWiDjzFgozehXZswaQZ6l71e6V3Eehex3mWv_2Wvt0l9fvhjXKzR3YuHsBPw4gCYaE3XhBRyG-85ydI8nCXuzZ67aTuc_rsBfXH5OR2Snu31Ng64vdNNuNZSFarUV5_OtGTzd-Li45Uui7_b3a77</recordid><startdate>200410</startdate><enddate>200410</enddate><creator>Llewellyn, C. D.</creator><creator>Johnson, N. W.</creator><creator>Warnakulasuriya, K. A. A. S.</creator><general>Munksgaard International Publishers</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200410</creationdate><title>Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England</title><author>Llewellyn, C. D. ; Johnson, N. W. ; Warnakulasuriya, K. A. A. S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4982-760eec002e18c674d4ec85bf0056a949247ccd698907c6a011d94b070dd354a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Confidence Intervals</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Diet - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>England - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fruit</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>oral cancer</topic><topic>Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>young people</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Llewellyn, C. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, N. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warnakulasuriya, K. A. A. S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of oral pathology & medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Llewellyn, C. D.</au><au>Johnson, N. W.</au><au>Warnakulasuriya, K. A. A. S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England</atitle><jtitle>Journal of oral pathology & medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Oral Pathol Med</addtitle><date>2004-10</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>525</spage><epage>532</epage><pages>525-532</pages><issn>0904-2512</issn><eissn>1600-0714</eissn><notes>ArticleID:JOP222</notes><notes>ark:/67375/WNG-61LD4JKW-5</notes><notes>istex:785B219C974DCCE53AC64CAF76273BEEE2957BC4</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Background: This case–control study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under.
Methods: Patients were recruited over a 3‐year period between 1999 and 2001 from 14 hospitals in the southeast of England, UK.
Results: Fifty‐three (80%) newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity participated. The mean age of cases at diagnosis was 38.5 years (SD = 7.0) and 53% were male. Patients were interviewed about main risk factors of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in the past. Ninety‐one matched control patients were also recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from adjusted conditional logistic analyses. Significantly elevated ORs were evidenced amongst males who had started to smoke under the age of 16 years (OR = 14.3; 95% CI: 1.1–178.8). A significant reduction in risk was also shown for ex‐smokers (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8). Consumption of alcohol in excess of recommended amounts also produced an eightfold risk in males (OR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.6–40.1) and over a fourfold risk of oral cancer from the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol and having ever smoked (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.1–17.7).
Conclusion: The study shows that the traditional behavioural risk factors are present in younger people diagnosed with oral cancer. The relatively short duration of exposure and the substantial number of cases without any known risk factors, particularly amongst females, however, suggest that factors other than tobacco and alcohol may also be implicated in the development of oral cancer in a proportion of these younger patients.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Munksgaard International Publishers</pub><pmid>15357672</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00222.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Factors Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology Case-Control Studies Confidence Intervals Dentistry Diet - statistics & numerical data England - epidemiology Female Fruit Humans Logistic Models Male Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology Medical sciences Middle Aged Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology Odds Ratio oral cancer Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking - epidemiology Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data Tumors Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology Vegetables young people |
| title | Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England |
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