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Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage
Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, an...
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Published in: | Archives of animal nutrition 2023-06, Vol.77 (3), p.245-259 |
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description | Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of RCS. Corn grains were ground to pass through either a 3 mm (fine) or 9 mm (coarse) screen, rehydrated to 44.3% moisture and ensiled in 200 L polyethylene buckets. Samples were taken before and after ensiling at 10, 30, 90 and 200 days of storage to assess microbial counts, fermentation end products, and DM ruminal degradability. DM degradation was evaluated with incubation times of 0 (bag wash), 3, 6 and 48 h in 3 rumen-cannulated cows. The effective ruminal degradation (ERD) was calculated based on soluble fraction (A), degradable fraction (B) and passage rate (kp) defined as 7.0%/h: A + B [kd/(kd + kp)]. Aerobic stability was evaluated in silages after 200 days of storage, and pH and temperature were analysed up to 240 h of aerobic exposure. At 90 and 200 d of storage, fine RCS resulted in lower crude protein and greater NH
3
-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219177 |
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3
-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1745-039X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-2817</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219177</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37325929</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Aerobic stability ; Ammonia ; Animal Feed - analysis ; Animals ; Buckets ; Cattle ; Corn ; Degradability ; Degradation ; Diet - veterinary ; Digestibility ; Digestion ; ensiling ; Ethanol ; Female ; Fermentation ; Fine grinding ; Goats ; Grain ; Grinding ; Microorganisms ; Moisture effects ; Particle Size ; Rumen - metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Silage ; Silage - analysis ; silage conservation ; Stability analysis ; starch ; Starch - metabolism ; Storage ; Vegetables ; Yeasts ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>Archives of animal nutrition, 2023-06, Vol.77 (3), p.245-259</ispartof><rights>2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2023</rights><rights>2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-3b28cc70efc20714e1a6dd89d87b6e64fa6fa795ea5791dd05c94e6e0d8464213</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-3b28cc70efc20714e1a6dd89d87b6e64fa6fa795ea5791dd05c94e6e0d8464213</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6858-9016</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37325929$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Costa, Daviane Martinele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Beatriz Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Viviane Camila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Marcos Neves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva Ávila, Carla Luiza</creatorcontrib><title>Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage</title><title>Archives of animal nutrition</title><addtitle>Arch Anim Nutr</addtitle><description>Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of RCS. Corn grains were ground to pass through either a 3 mm (fine) or 9 mm (coarse) screen, rehydrated to 44.3% moisture and ensiled in 200 L polyethylene buckets. Samples were taken before and after ensiling at 10, 30, 90 and 200 days of storage to assess microbial counts, fermentation end products, and DM ruminal degradability. DM degradation was evaluated with incubation times of 0 (bag wash), 3, 6 and 48 h in 3 rumen-cannulated cows. The effective ruminal degradation (ERD) was calculated based on soluble fraction (A), degradable fraction (B) and passage rate (kp) defined as 7.0%/h: A + B [kd/(kd + kp)]. Aerobic stability was evaluated in silages after 200 days of storage, and pH and temperature were analysed up to 240 h of aerobic exposure. At 90 and 200 d of storage, fine RCS resulted in lower crude protein and greater NH
3
-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d.</description><subject>Aerobic stability</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Animal Feed - analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Buckets</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Degradability</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Diet - veterinary</subject><subject>Digestibility</subject><subject>Digestion</subject><subject>ensiling</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Fine grinding</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>Grain</subject><subject>Grinding</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Moisture effects</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Rumen - metabolism</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</subject><subject>Silage</subject><subject>Silage - analysis</subject><subject>silage conservation</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>starch</subject><subject>Starch - metabolism</subject><subject>Storage</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Yeasts</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><issn>1745-039X</issn><issn>1477-2817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90U1vFCEcBvCJ0dha_QgaEi9eZuVtYLhpGt-SJnrQxBth4c-WhoEKTJr108t2tx48eILAj4fAMwwvCd4QPOO3RPIJM_VzQzFlG0qJIlI-Gs4Jl3KkM5GP-7yb8YDOhme13mDMGBPy6XDGJKOToup8iN9MacFGQDX8BmSSQ7XlYnaAIqRdu0bGe7ANeSgLpGZayOmelXUJyUTkYFeMO65njwpc710xDRyyuSTUN0Pq4bFHPh-eeBMrvDiNF8OPjx--X34er75--nL5_mq0TPE2si2drZUYvKVYEg7ECOdm5Wa5FSC4N8IbqSYwk1TEOTxZxUEAdjMXnBJ2Mbw55t6W_GuF2vQSqoUYTYK8Vk1nKqmgUhzo63_oTV5Lf9e9UkpxQWRX01HZkmst4PVtCYspe02wPtShH-rQhzr0qY5-7tUpfd0u4P6eevj_Dt4dQUg-l8Xc5RKdbmYfc_HFJBuqZv-_4w-emprX</recordid><startdate>202306</startdate><enddate>202306</enddate><creator>Costa, Daviane Martinele</creator><creator>Carvalho, Beatriz Ferreira</creator><creator>de Souza, Viviane Camila</creator><creator>Pereira, Marcos Neves</creator><creator>da Silva Ávila, Carla Luiza</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-9016</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202306</creationdate><title>Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage</title><author>Costa, Daviane Martinele ; Carvalho, Beatriz Ferreira ; de Souza, Viviane Camila ; Pereira, Marcos Neves ; da Silva Ávila, Carla Luiza</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-3b28cc70efc20714e1a6dd89d87b6e64fa6fa795ea5791dd05c94e6e0d8464213</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aerobic stability</topic><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Animal Feed - analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Buckets</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Degradability</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Diet - veterinary</topic><topic>Digestibility</topic><topic>Digestion</topic><topic>ensiling</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Fine grinding</topic><topic>Goats</topic><topic>Grain</topic><topic>Grinding</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Moisture effects</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Rumen - metabolism</topic><topic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</topic><topic>Silage</topic><topic>Silage - analysis</topic><topic>silage conservation</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>starch</topic><topic>Starch - metabolism</topic><topic>Storage</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>Yeasts</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Costa, Daviane Martinele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Beatriz Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Viviane Camila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Marcos Neves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva Ávila, Carla Luiza</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Archives of animal nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Costa, Daviane Martinele</au><au>Carvalho, Beatriz Ferreira</au><au>de Souza, Viviane Camila</au><au>Pereira, Marcos Neves</au><au>da Silva Ávila, Carla Luiza</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage</atitle><jtitle>Archives of animal nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Arch Anim Nutr</addtitle><date>2023-06</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>245</spage><epage>259</epage><pages>245-259</pages><issn>1745-039X</issn><eissn>1477-2817</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of RCS. Corn grains were ground to pass through either a 3 mm (fine) or 9 mm (coarse) screen, rehydrated to 44.3% moisture and ensiled in 200 L polyethylene buckets. Samples were taken before and after ensiling at 10, 30, 90 and 200 days of storage to assess microbial counts, fermentation end products, and DM ruminal degradability. DM degradation was evaluated with incubation times of 0 (bag wash), 3, 6 and 48 h in 3 rumen-cannulated cows. The effective ruminal degradation (ERD) was calculated based on soluble fraction (A), degradable fraction (B) and passage rate (kp) defined as 7.0%/h: A + B [kd/(kd + kp)]. Aerobic stability was evaluated in silages after 200 days of storage, and pH and temperature were analysed up to 240 h of aerobic exposure. At 90 and 200 d of storage, fine RCS resulted in lower crude protein and greater NH
3
-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>37325929</pmid><doi>10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219177</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-9016</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aerobic stability Ammonia Animal Feed - analysis Animals Buckets Cattle Corn Degradability Degradation Diet - veterinary Digestibility Digestion ensiling Ethanol Female Fermentation Fine grinding Goats Grain Grinding Microorganisms Moisture effects Particle Size Rumen - metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Silage Silage - analysis silage conservation Stability analysis starch Starch - metabolism Storage Vegetables Yeasts Zea mays |
title | Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage |
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