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Visual illusions in young people reporting psychotic-like experiences
A disruption in the co-ordination of bottom-up and top-down processing is thought to underlie anomalous perceptual experiences in psychosis. Visual illusions represent a valuable methodology in exploring this disruption. Here, we examined visual illusions in a group of young people having psychotic-...
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| Published in: | Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 2023-06, Vol.79, p.101839-101839, Article 101839 |
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| container_title | Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry |
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| creator | Sperandio, Irene Chouinard, Philippe A. Paice, Emily Griffiths-King, Daniel J. Hodgekins, Joanne |
| description | A disruption in the co-ordination of bottom-up and top-down processing is thought to underlie anomalous perceptual experiences in psychosis. Visual illusions represent a valuable methodology in exploring this disruption. Here, we examined visual illusions in a group of young people having psychotic-like experiences. We also examined the relationship between illusion susceptibility and appraisal of psychotic-like experiences as well as depression, anxiety and stress levels.
25 young people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 53 healthy participants performed an adjustment task that measured susceptibility to a battery of 13 visual illusions. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress were quantified in both groups. The clinical group also completed measures examining frequency, appraisals and emotional responses to psychotic-like experiences.
A general increase of illusion susceptibility was found in the clinical group compared to the control group. However, when depression, anxiety and stress levels were controlled for, this difference disappeared. Stress turned out to be the best predictor of illusion susceptibility in the clinical group, whereas anomalous experiences, depression and anxiety were unrelated to overall illusion strength.
This study is limited to young participants reporting significant mental health difficulties and psychotic-like experiences. Findings should be replicated in an Ultra High Risk (prodromal) group.
Increased levels of stress explained the enhanced vulnerability to illusions in the clinical group. This increased susceptibility suggests a perceptual style that relies too heavily on prior expectations at the expense of the true sensory evidence, potentially leading to an altered perceptual experience of the world.
•Illusions demonstrate how perception works in patients with perceptual abnormalities.•We measured illusion susceptibility in young people with psychotic-like experiences.•The clinical group reported greater illusory effects than the control group.•The enhanced susceptibility was explained by increased levels of stress.•This implies a distinct perceptual style that favours top-down processing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101839 |
| format | article |
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25 young people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 53 healthy participants performed an adjustment task that measured susceptibility to a battery of 13 visual illusions. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress were quantified in both groups. The clinical group also completed measures examining frequency, appraisals and emotional responses to psychotic-like experiences.
A general increase of illusion susceptibility was found in the clinical group compared to the control group. However, when depression, anxiety and stress levels were controlled for, this difference disappeared. Stress turned out to be the best predictor of illusion susceptibility in the clinical group, whereas anomalous experiences, depression and anxiety were unrelated to overall illusion strength.
This study is limited to young participants reporting significant mental health difficulties and psychotic-like experiences. Findings should be replicated in an Ultra High Risk (prodromal) group.
Increased levels of stress explained the enhanced vulnerability to illusions in the clinical group. This increased susceptibility suggests a perceptual style that relies too heavily on prior expectations at the expense of the true sensory evidence, potentially leading to an altered perceptual experience of the world.
•Illusions demonstrate how perception works in patients with perceptual abnormalities.•We measured illusion susceptibility in young people with psychotic-like experiences.•The clinical group reported greater illusory effects than the control group.•The enhanced susceptibility was explained by increased levels of stress.•This implies a distinct perceptual style that favours top-down processing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0005-7916</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7943</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101839</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36764025</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Anomalous perceptual experiences ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Disruption ; Emotional responses ; Emotions ; High risk ; Humans ; Illusion susceptibility ; Illusions ; Illusions - physiology ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Negative emotions ; Ordination ; Psychosis ; Psychotic Disorders - psychology ; Psychotic-like experiences ; Stress ; Susceptibility ; Youth</subject><ispartof>Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 2023-06, Vol.79, p.101839-101839, Article 101839</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-f8d7584c89b436430c18b766a44c415a6928dc5d866b3cf6d5949dfbe4b6790e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-f8d7584c89b436430c18b766a44c415a6928dc5d866b3cf6d5949dfbe4b6790e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9817-0689 ; 0000-0003-1775-2842</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,31034</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36764025$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sperandio, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chouinard, Philippe A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paice, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths-King, Daniel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodgekins, Joanne</creatorcontrib><title>Visual illusions in young people reporting psychotic-like experiences</title><title>Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry</addtitle><description>A disruption in the co-ordination of bottom-up and top-down processing is thought to underlie anomalous perceptual experiences in psychosis. Visual illusions represent a valuable methodology in exploring this disruption. Here, we examined visual illusions in a group of young people having psychotic-like experiences. We also examined the relationship between illusion susceptibility and appraisal of psychotic-like experiences as well as depression, anxiety and stress levels.
25 young people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 53 healthy participants performed an adjustment task that measured susceptibility to a battery of 13 visual illusions. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress were quantified in both groups. The clinical group also completed measures examining frequency, appraisals and emotional responses to psychotic-like experiences.
A general increase of illusion susceptibility was found in the clinical group compared to the control group. However, when depression, anxiety and stress levels were controlled for, this difference disappeared. Stress turned out to be the best predictor of illusion susceptibility in the clinical group, whereas anomalous experiences, depression and anxiety were unrelated to overall illusion strength.
This study is limited to young participants reporting significant mental health difficulties and psychotic-like experiences. Findings should be replicated in an Ultra High Risk (prodromal) group.
Increased levels of stress explained the enhanced vulnerability to illusions in the clinical group. This increased susceptibility suggests a perceptual style that relies too heavily on prior expectations at the expense of the true sensory evidence, potentially leading to an altered perceptual experience of the world.
•Illusions demonstrate how perception works in patients with perceptual abnormalities.•We measured illusion susceptibility in young people with psychotic-like experiences.•The clinical group reported greater illusory effects than the control group.•The enhanced susceptibility was explained by increased levels of stress.•This implies a distinct perceptual style that favours top-down processing.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Anomalous perceptual experiences</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders</subject><subject>Disruption</subject><subject>Emotional responses</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>High risk</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illusion susceptibility</subject><subject>Illusions</subject><subject>Illusions - physiology</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Negative emotions</subject><subject>Ordination</subject><subject>Psychosis</subject><subject>Psychotic Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Psychotic-like experiences</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Susceptibility</subject><subject>Youth</subject><issn>0005-7916</issn><issn>1873-7943</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EoqXwC5BQJBaWFH_FdgYGVJUPCYkFWK3EuYBDGgc7QfTfk7SFgYHpTqfnvTs9CJ0SPCeYiMtqXuUdtHOKKRsniqV7aEqUZLFMOdtHU4xxMvRETNBRCBXGRGKJD9GECSk4pskULV9s6LM6snXdB-uaENkmWru-eY1acG0NkYfW-c6Og7A2b66zJq7tO0Tw1YK30BgIx-igzOoAJ7s6Q883y6fFXfzweHu_uH6IDWe0i0tVyERxo9KcM8EZNkTlUoiMc8NJkomUqsIkhRIiZ6YURZLytChz4LmQKQY2Qxfbva13Hz2ETq9sMFDXWQOuD5pKmQhC5eBihs7_oJXrfTN8N1AqoYJShQeKbSnjXQgeSt16u8r8WhOsR8u60hvLerSst5aH1Nlud5-voPjN_GgdgKstAIOMTwteB7MxVVgPptOFs_8e-AbmB44K</recordid><startdate>202306</startdate><enddate>202306</enddate><creator>Sperandio, Irene</creator><creator>Chouinard, Philippe A.</creator><creator>Paice, Emily</creator><creator>Griffiths-King, Daniel J.</creator><creator>Hodgekins, Joanne</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-0689</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-2842</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202306</creationdate><title>Visual illusions in young people reporting psychotic-like experiences</title><author>Sperandio, Irene ; Chouinard, Philippe A. ; Paice, Emily ; Griffiths-King, Daniel J. ; Hodgekins, Joanne</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-f8d7584c89b436430c18b766a44c415a6928dc5d866b3cf6d5949dfbe4b6790e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Anomalous perceptual experiences</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders</topic><topic>Disruption</topic><topic>Emotional responses</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>High risk</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illusion susceptibility</topic><topic>Illusions</topic><topic>Illusions - physiology</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Negative emotions</topic><topic>Ordination</topic><topic>Psychosis</topic><topic>Psychotic Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Psychotic-like experiences</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Susceptibility</topic><topic>Youth</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sperandio, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chouinard, Philippe A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paice, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths-King, Daniel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodgekins, Joanne</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sperandio, Irene</au><au>Chouinard, Philippe A.</au><au>Paice, Emily</au><au>Griffiths-King, Daniel J.</au><au>Hodgekins, Joanne</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Visual illusions in young people reporting psychotic-like experiences</atitle><jtitle>Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2023-06</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>79</volume><spage>101839</spage><epage>101839</epage><pages>101839-101839</pages><artnum>101839</artnum><issn>0005-7916</issn><eissn>1873-7943</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>A disruption in the co-ordination of bottom-up and top-down processing is thought to underlie anomalous perceptual experiences in psychosis. Visual illusions represent a valuable methodology in exploring this disruption. Here, we examined visual illusions in a group of young people having psychotic-like experiences. We also examined the relationship between illusion susceptibility and appraisal of psychotic-like experiences as well as depression, anxiety and stress levels.
25 young people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 53 healthy participants performed an adjustment task that measured susceptibility to a battery of 13 visual illusions. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress were quantified in both groups. The clinical group also completed measures examining frequency, appraisals and emotional responses to psychotic-like experiences.
A general increase of illusion susceptibility was found in the clinical group compared to the control group. However, when depression, anxiety and stress levels were controlled for, this difference disappeared. Stress turned out to be the best predictor of illusion susceptibility in the clinical group, whereas anomalous experiences, depression and anxiety were unrelated to overall illusion strength.
This study is limited to young participants reporting significant mental health difficulties and psychotic-like experiences. Findings should be replicated in an Ultra High Risk (prodromal) group.
Increased levels of stress explained the enhanced vulnerability to illusions in the clinical group. This increased susceptibility suggests a perceptual style that relies too heavily on prior expectations at the expense of the true sensory evidence, potentially leading to an altered perceptual experience of the world.
•Illusions demonstrate how perception works in patients with perceptual abnormalities.•We measured illusion susceptibility in young people with psychotic-like experiences.•The clinical group reported greater illusory effects than the control group.•The enhanced susceptibility was explained by increased levels of stress.•This implies a distinct perceptual style that favours top-down processing.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>36764025</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101839</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-0689</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-2842</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); ScienceDirect Freedom Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Anomalous perceptual experiences Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Disruption Emotional responses Emotions High risk Humans Illusion susceptibility Illusions Illusions - physiology Mental depression Mental health Negative emotions Ordination Psychosis Psychotic Disorders - psychology Psychotic-like experiences Stress Susceptibility Youth |
| title | Visual illusions in young people reporting psychotic-like experiences |
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