A New Bias Site for Epigenetic Modifications: How Non‐Canonical GC Base Pairs Favor Mechanochemical Cleavage of DNA

A New Bias Site for Epigenetic Modifications: How Non‐Canonical GC Base Pairs Favor Mechanochemical Cleavage of DNA

Properties of non‐canonical GC base pairs and their relations with mechanochemical cleavage of DNA are analyzed. A hypothesis of the involvement of the transient GC wobble base pairs both in the mechanisms of the mechanochemical cleavage of DNA and epigenetic mechanisms involving of 5‐methylcytosine...

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Published in:BioEssays 2020-11, Vol.42 (11), p.e2000051-n/a
Main Authors: Semyonov, Denis A., Eltsov, Ilia V., Nechipurenko, Yury D.
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
5‐methylcytosines
Base pairs
Cleavage
CpG islands
Cytosine
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Hypotheses
mechanochemical cleavage of DNAs
molecular basis of epigenetics
tautomers
transient base pairs in DNAs
wobble base pairs
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title A New Bias Site for Epigenetic Modifications: How Non‐Canonical GC Base Pairs Favor Mechanochemical Cleavage of DNA
format Article
creator Semyonov, Denis A.
Eltsov, Ilia V.
Nechipurenko, Yury D.
subjects 5‐methylcytosines
Base pairs
Cleavage
CpG islands
Cytosine
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Hypotheses
mechanochemical cleavage of DNAs
molecular basis of epigenetics
tautomers
transient base pairs in DNAs
wobble base pairs
ispartof BioEssays, 2020-11, Vol.42 (11), p.e2000051-n/a
description Properties of non‐canonical GC base pairs and their relations with mechanochemical cleavage of DNA are analyzed. A hypothesis of the involvement of the transient GC wobble base pairs both in the mechanisms of the mechanochemical cleavage of DNA and epigenetic mechanisms involving of 5‐methylcytosine, is proposed. The hypothesis explains the increase in the frequency of the breaks of the sugar‐phosphate backbone of DNA after cytosines, the asymmetric character of these breaks, and an increase in break frequency in CpG after cytosine methylation. As an alternative hypothesis, probable implication of GC+ Hoogsteen base pairs is considered, which now exemplify the best‐studied non‐canonical GC base pairs in the DNA double helix. Also see the video here https://youtu.be/EUunVWL0ptw. Cytosine methylation can contribute to the formation of the imino tautomer. Tautomerization or protonation of cytosine makes the GC wobble base pairs possible. The GC wobble base pair in DNA has to possess asymmetrical sugar‐phosphate backbone. The ultrasound breaks the strained bond in the sugar‐phosphate backbone after deoxycytidine.
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1521-1878
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A hypothesis of the involvement of the transient GC wobble base pairs both in the mechanisms of the mechanochemical cleavage of DNA and epigenetic mechanisms involving of 5‐methylcytosine, is proposed. The hypothesis explains the increase in the frequency of the breaks of the sugar‐phosphate backbone of DNA after cytosines, the asymmetric character of these breaks, and an increase in break frequency in CpG after cytosine methylation. As an alternative hypothesis, probable implication of GC+ Hoogsteen base pairs is considered, which now exemplify the best‐studied non‐canonical GC base pairs in the DNA double helix. Also see the video here https://youtu.be/EUunVWL0ptw. Cytosine methylation can contribute to the formation of the imino tautomer. Tautomerization or protonation of cytosine makes the GC wobble base pairs possible. The GC wobble base pair in DNA has to possess asymmetrical sugar‐phosphate backbone. 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