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Direct cost of lupus care in the developing world: the case of Colombia
Background Lupus is a chronic autoimmune and incurable rheumatic disease and has a global prevalence of 3.2–517.5 cases per 100,000 people. However, currently there is no knowledge regarding the actual direct cost of patients with lupus to healthcare systems in developing countries. This study aimed...
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| Published in: | Lupus 2019-07, Vol.28 (8), p.970-976 |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | 976 |
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| container_title | Lupus |
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| creator | Prada, SI Perez, AM Nieto-Aristizábal, I Tobón, GJ |
| description | Background
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune and incurable rheumatic disease and has a global prevalence of 3.2–517.5 cases per 100,000 people. However, currently there is no knowledge regarding the actual direct cost of patients with lupus to healthcare systems in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the direct cost of lupus care in Colombia.
Methods
To identify patients with lupus, claims data of 2 years from two health insurers were subjected to an algorithm according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the direct cost of lupus care.
Results
The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost was $2355; this is approximately 9 times the average annual premium received by health insurers for covering the public benefits package. Approximately 50% of direct costs are not included in the public benefits package. The incidence of one or more condition is 98.4%. The direct cost incurred by patients with two comorbidities was 1.8 times more, with three chronic conditions was 1.9 times more and with six chronic conditions was 4.5 times more than that incurred by patients with only lupus.
Conclusions
The direct cost of lupus care in the developing world may be higher than expected; in addition, access to healthcare may not be equal for the entire population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0961203319856093 |
| format | article |
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Lupus is a chronic autoimmune and incurable rheumatic disease and has a global prevalence of 3.2–517.5 cases per 100,000 people. However, currently there is no knowledge regarding the actual direct cost of patients with lupus to healthcare systems in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the direct cost of lupus care in Colombia.
Methods
To identify patients with lupus, claims data of 2 years from two health insurers were subjected to an algorithm according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the direct cost of lupus care.
Results
The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost was $2355; this is approximately 9 times the average annual premium received by health insurers for covering the public benefits package. Approximately 50% of direct costs are not included in the public benefits package. The incidence of one or more condition is 98.4%. The direct cost incurred by patients with two comorbidities was 1.8 times more, with three chronic conditions was 1.9 times more and with six chronic conditions was 4.5 times more than that incurred by patients with only lupus.
Conclusions
The direct cost of lupus care in the developing world may be higher than expected; in addition, access to healthcare may not be equal for the entire population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0961-2033</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-0962</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0961203319856093</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31204587</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Chronic illnesses ; Colombia ; Comorbidity ; Cost of Illness ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Insurance Claim Review - statistics & numerical data ; LDCs ; Linear Models ; Lupus ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - economics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - therapy ; Male ; Managed Care Programs - statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatic diseases ; Statistical analysis ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Lupus, 2019-07, Vol.28 (8), p.970-976</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-a4e58cc44eff3015779427c44036344b49deedd4ce8fe192a53045b5c9971c2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-a4e58cc44eff3015779427c44036344b49deedd4ce8fe192a53045b5c9971c2a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7986-0959 ; 0000-0002-6031-4218</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31204587$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Prada, SI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perez, AM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieto-Aristizábal, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tobón, GJ</creatorcontrib><title>Direct cost of lupus care in the developing world: the case of Colombia</title><title>Lupus</title><addtitle>Lupus</addtitle><description>Background
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune and incurable rheumatic disease and has a global prevalence of 3.2–517.5 cases per 100,000 people. However, currently there is no knowledge regarding the actual direct cost of patients with lupus to healthcare systems in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the direct cost of lupus care in Colombia.
Methods
To identify patients with lupus, claims data of 2 years from two health insurers were subjected to an algorithm according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the direct cost of lupus care.
Results
The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost was $2355; this is approximately 9 times the average annual premium received by health insurers for covering the public benefits package. Approximately 50% of direct costs are not included in the public benefits package. The incidence of one or more condition is 98.4%. The direct cost incurred by patients with two comorbidities was 1.8 times more, with three chronic conditions was 1.9 times more and with six chronic conditions was 4.5 times more than that incurred by patients with only lupus.
Conclusions
The direct cost of lupus care in the developing world may be higher than expected; in addition, access to healthcare may not be equal for the entire population.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Colombia</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Cost of Illness</subject><subject>Developing Countries</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Insurance Claim Review - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Lupus</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - economics</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - therapy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Managed Care Programs - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Rheumatic diseases</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Systemic lupus erythematosus</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0961-2033</issn><issn>1477-0962</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kM1Lw0AQxRdRbK3ePUnAi5fofmaz3qRqFQpe9Bw2m0lNSbJxN1H8793YqlDwNMzM770ZHkKnBF8SIuUVVgmhmDGiUpFgxfbQlHAp4zCn-2g6ruNxP0FH3q8xxoFMDtGEBRUXqZyixW3lwPSRsb6PbBnVQzf4yGgHUdVG_StEBbxDbbuqXUUf1tXF9ffUaA8jP7e1bfJKH6ODUtceTrZ1hl7u757nD_HyafE4v1nGhiWijzUHkRrDOZQlw0RIqTiVoccsYZznXBUARcENpCUQRbVg4dFcGKUkMVSzGbrY-HbOvg3g-6ypvIG61i3YwWeUCiyUSikP6PkOuraDa8N3geIplYqFbGYIbyjjrPcOyqxzVaPdZ0ZwNoac7YYcJGdb4yFvoPgV_KQagHgDeL2Cv6v_Gn4Baq2BOQ</recordid><startdate>201907</startdate><enddate>201907</enddate><creator>Prada, SI</creator><creator>Perez, AM</creator><creator>Nieto-Aristizábal, I</creator><creator>Tobón, GJ</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7986-0959</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4218</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201907</creationdate><title>Direct cost of lupus care in the developing world: the case of Colombia</title><author>Prada, SI ; Perez, AM ; Nieto-Aristizábal, I ; Tobón, GJ</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-a4e58cc44eff3015779427c44036344b49deedd4ce8fe192a53045b5c9971c2a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Colombia</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Cost of Illness</topic><topic>Developing Countries</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Insurance Claim Review - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Lupus</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - economics</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - therapy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Managed Care Programs - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Rheumatic diseases</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Systemic lupus erythematosus</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Prada, SI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perez, AM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieto-Aristizábal, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tobón, GJ</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Lupus</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Prada, SI</au><au>Perez, AM</au><au>Nieto-Aristizábal, I</au><au>Tobón, GJ</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Direct cost of lupus care in the developing world: the case of Colombia</atitle><jtitle>Lupus</jtitle><addtitle>Lupus</addtitle><date>2019-07</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>970</spage><epage>976</epage><pages>970-976</pages><issn>0961-2033</issn><eissn>1477-0962</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Background
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune and incurable rheumatic disease and has a global prevalence of 3.2–517.5 cases per 100,000 people. However, currently there is no knowledge regarding the actual direct cost of patients with lupus to healthcare systems in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the direct cost of lupus care in Colombia.
Methods
To identify patients with lupus, claims data of 2 years from two health insurers were subjected to an algorithm according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the direct cost of lupus care.
Results
The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost was $2355; this is approximately 9 times the average annual premium received by health insurers for covering the public benefits package. Approximately 50% of direct costs are not included in the public benefits package. The incidence of one or more condition is 98.4%. The direct cost incurred by patients with two comorbidities was 1.8 times more, with three chronic conditions was 1.9 times more and with six chronic conditions was 4.5 times more than that incurred by patients with only lupus.
Conclusions
The direct cost of lupus care in the developing world may be higher than expected; in addition, access to healthcare may not be equal for the entire population.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>31204587</pmid><doi>10.1177/0961203319856093</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7986-0959</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4218</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Lupus, 2019-07, Vol.28 (8), p.970-976 |
| issn | 0961-2033 1477-0962 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Sage Journals Online |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool Chronic Disease Chronic illnesses Colombia Comorbidity Cost of Illness Developing Countries Female Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Insurance Claim Review - statistics & numerical data LDCs Linear Models Lupus Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - economics Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - therapy Male Managed Care Programs - statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Retrospective Studies Rheumatic diseases Statistical analysis Systemic lupus erythematosus Young Adult |
| title | Direct cost of lupus care in the developing world: the case of Colombia |
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