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Pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine after consuming a soluble green/roasted coffee blend by healthy subjects
Coffee is widely consumed worldwide; therefore, the methylxanthines contained in coffee, mainly caffeine (CF), are among the most abundant bioactive compounds in our diet. In the present work, the bioavailability and metabolism of methylxanthines in a commercial soluble green/roasted coffee blend wa...
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| Published in: | Food research international 2014-10, Vol.64, p.125-133 |
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| creator | Martínez-López, Sara Sarriá, Beatriz Baeza, Gema Mateos, Raquel Bravo-Clemente, Laura |
| description | Coffee is widely consumed worldwide; therefore, the methylxanthines contained in coffee, mainly caffeine (CF), are among the most abundant bioactive compounds in our diet. In the present work, the bioavailability and metabolism of methylxanthines in a commercial soluble green/roasted coffee blend was studied. After a 3-day restriction of methylxanthine-containing foods, fasting healthy subjects (12 men and women) consumed the coffee product containing 70.69mg CF and 0.119mg theobromine (TB). Plasma samples were taken before (t=0h) and after coffee consumption at different time points (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12h). Urine was collected at baseline (−2–0h) and at different intervals (0–2, 2–5, 5–8, 8–12 and 12–24h). Samples were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC–MS-QToF, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. CF was the main methylxanthine found in plasma (Cmax=10.50μM, Tmax=1.2h). In addition, seven methylxanthines and methyluric acids were detected between 0.5 and 12h after coffee intake, paraxanthine (PX) being the major metabolite (Cmax=3.36μM), followed by 1-methyluric acid (1-MU; Cmax=1.44μM) and 1-methylxanthine (1-MX; Cmax=1.27μM), identified in plasma samples for the first time. In 24h urine, eleven methylxanthines and methyluric acids were detected, 1-MU being the major metabolite (Cmax=150.52μM, Tmax=12h) amounting to 67.7% of the total urinary metabolites. In conclusion, a rapid absorption, metabolization and excretion of caffeine and its derived methylxanthines and methyluric acids have been observed after consumption of a green/roasted coffee product.
•Novel findings on caffeine metabolites in plasma and urine after coffee intake•8 metabolites were identified in plasma, including 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric.•11 urine metabolites (tri- di- & mono-methylxanthines & methyluric acids) detected•LC–MS-QToF and HPLC-DAD (single run) were used with minimum sample preparation.•Caffeine is rapidly absorbed and metabolized after coffee intake by healthy subjects. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.043 |
| format | article |
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•Novel findings on caffeine metabolites in plasma and urine after coffee intake•8 metabolites were identified in plasma, including 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric.•11 urine metabolites (tri- di- & mono-methylxanthines & methyluric acids) detected•LC–MS-QToF and HPLC-DAD (single run) were used with minimum sample preparation.•Caffeine is rapidly absorbed and metabolized after coffee intake by healthy subjects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0963-9969</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7145</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.043</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30011631</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Bioavailability ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blends ; Caffeine ; Coffee ; Consumption ; Food industries ; Foods ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Green coffee ; Human ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Methylxanthines ; Urine</subject><ispartof>Food research international, 2014-10, Vol.64, p.125-133</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-d56ac8df5df07d2732b9d5945ccdbb736234058f92f4072414e19c784f0940c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-d56ac8df5df07d2732b9d5945ccdbb736234058f92f4072414e19c784f0940c03</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2585-5286 ; 0000-0002-7312-8641</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28848738$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30011631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martínez-López, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarriá, Beatriz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baeza, Gema</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mateos, Raquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bravo-Clemente, Laura</creatorcontrib><title>Pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine after consuming a soluble green/roasted coffee blend by healthy subjects</title><title>Food research international</title><addtitle>Food Res Int</addtitle><description>Coffee is widely consumed worldwide; therefore, the methylxanthines contained in coffee, mainly caffeine (CF), are among the most abundant bioactive compounds in our diet. In the present work, the bioavailability and metabolism of methylxanthines in a commercial soluble green/roasted coffee blend was studied. After a 3-day restriction of methylxanthine-containing foods, fasting healthy subjects (12 men and women) consumed the coffee product containing 70.69mg CF and 0.119mg theobromine (TB). Plasma samples were taken before (t=0h) and after coffee consumption at different time points (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12h). Urine was collected at baseline (−2–0h) and at different intervals (0–2, 2–5, 5–8, 8–12 and 12–24h). Samples were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC–MS-QToF, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. CF was the main methylxanthine found in plasma (Cmax=10.50μM, Tmax=1.2h). In addition, seven methylxanthines and methyluric acids were detected between 0.5 and 12h after coffee intake, paraxanthine (PX) being the major metabolite (Cmax=3.36μM), followed by 1-methyluric acid (1-MU; Cmax=1.44μM) and 1-methylxanthine (1-MX; Cmax=1.27μM), identified in plasma samples for the first time. In 24h urine, eleven methylxanthines and methyluric acids were detected, 1-MU being the major metabolite (Cmax=150.52μM, Tmax=12h) amounting to 67.7% of the total urinary metabolites. In conclusion, a rapid absorption, metabolization and excretion of caffeine and its derived methylxanthines and methyluric acids have been observed after consumption of a green/roasted coffee product.
•Novel findings on caffeine metabolites in plasma and urine after coffee intake•8 metabolites were identified in plasma, including 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric.•11 urine metabolites (tri- di- & mono-methylxanthines & methyluric acids) detected•LC–MS-QToF and HPLC-DAD (single run) were used with minimum sample preparation.•Caffeine is rapidly absorbed and metabolized after coffee intake by healthy subjects.</description><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blends</subject><subject>Caffeine</subject><subject>Coffee</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Foods</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Green coffee</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methylxanthines</subject><subject>Urine</subject><issn>0963-9969</issn><issn>1873-7145</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkk2P0zAQhiMEYsvCTwD5gsSl3bHjj_iE0IovaSU4wNly7PHWJYmLnSD1R_Cfcbdlrz1Z1jzzejSPm-Y1hQ0FKm92m5CSz1g2DCjfgNgAb580K9qpdq0oF0-bFWjZrrWW-qp5UcoOAKRQ-nlz1QJQKlu6av5-39o8Wpd-xQnn6ApJgTgbAtY7sZMncS5kxNn2aYgzFhInsh9sGe1DdckPXJgxE5emsoxxuieWlDQs_YDkPiNONznZMqOvRA1GUgu1tT-QLdph3h5IWfodurm8bJ4FOxR8dT6vm5-fPv64_bK--_b56-2Hu7UTTM1rL6R1nQ_CB1CeqZb12gvNhXO-71UrWctBdEGzwEExTjlS7VTHA2gODtrr5t0pd5_T7wXLbMZYHA6DnTAtxTBQVEgNkl5EadcqphmD7jIqBeWtlPqYKk6oy6mUjMHscxxtPhgK5ujX7MzZrzn6NSBM9Vv73pyfWPoR_WPXf6EVeHsGbHF2CNlOLpZHjnUdrx_kOOv7E4d1zX8iZlNcxMmhj7maMD7FC6P8AyF8xzk</recordid><startdate>20141001</startdate><enddate>20141001</enddate><creator>Martínez-López, Sara</creator><creator>Sarriá, Beatriz</creator><creator>Baeza, Gema</creator><creator>Mateos, Raquel</creator><creator>Bravo-Clemente, Laura</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-5286</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-8641</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20141001</creationdate><title>Pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine after consuming a soluble green/roasted coffee blend by healthy subjects</title><author>Martínez-López, Sara ; Sarriá, Beatriz ; Baeza, Gema ; Mateos, Raquel ; Bravo-Clemente, Laura</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-d56ac8df5df07d2732b9d5945ccdbb736234058f92f4072414e19c784f0940c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blends</topic><topic>Caffeine</topic><topic>Coffee</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Foods</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Green coffee</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Methylxanthines</topic><topic>Urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martínez-López, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarriá, Beatriz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baeza, Gema</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mateos, Raquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bravo-Clemente, Laura</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martínez-López, Sara</au><au>Sarriá, Beatriz</au><au>Baeza, Gema</au><au>Mateos, Raquel</au><au>Bravo-Clemente, Laura</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine after consuming a soluble green/roasted coffee blend by healthy subjects</atitle><jtitle>Food research international</jtitle><addtitle>Food Res Int</addtitle><date>2014-10-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>64</volume><spage>125</spage><epage>133</epage><pages>125-133</pages><issn>0963-9969</issn><eissn>1873-7145</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Coffee is widely consumed worldwide; therefore, the methylxanthines contained in coffee, mainly caffeine (CF), are among the most abundant bioactive compounds in our diet. In the present work, the bioavailability and metabolism of methylxanthines in a commercial soluble green/roasted coffee blend was studied. After a 3-day restriction of methylxanthine-containing foods, fasting healthy subjects (12 men and women) consumed the coffee product containing 70.69mg CF and 0.119mg theobromine (TB). Plasma samples were taken before (t=0h) and after coffee consumption at different time points (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12h). Urine was collected at baseline (−2–0h) and at different intervals (0–2, 2–5, 5–8, 8–12 and 12–24h). Samples were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC–MS-QToF, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. CF was the main methylxanthine found in plasma (Cmax=10.50μM, Tmax=1.2h). In addition, seven methylxanthines and methyluric acids were detected between 0.5 and 12h after coffee intake, paraxanthine (PX) being the major metabolite (Cmax=3.36μM), followed by 1-methyluric acid (1-MU; Cmax=1.44μM) and 1-methylxanthine (1-MX; Cmax=1.27μM), identified in plasma samples for the first time. In 24h urine, eleven methylxanthines and methyluric acids were detected, 1-MU being the major metabolite (Cmax=150.52μM, Tmax=12h) amounting to 67.7% of the total urinary metabolites. In conclusion, a rapid absorption, metabolization and excretion of caffeine and its derived methylxanthines and methyluric acids have been observed after consumption of a green/roasted coffee product.
•Novel findings on caffeine metabolites in plasma and urine after coffee intake•8 metabolites were identified in plasma, including 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric.•11 urine metabolites (tri- di- & mono-methylxanthines & methyluric acids) detected•LC–MS-QToF and HPLC-DAD (single run) were used with minimum sample preparation.•Caffeine is rapidly absorbed and metabolized after coffee intake by healthy subjects.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>30011631</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.043</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-5286</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-8641</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bioavailability Biological and medical sciences Blends Caffeine Coffee Consumption Food industries Foods Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Green coffee Human Metabolism Metabolites Methylxanthines Urine |
| title | Pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine after consuming a soluble green/roasted coffee blend by healthy subjects |
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