Emissions During and Real-world Frequency of Heavy-duty Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration

Recent tightening of particulate matter (PM) emission standards for heavy-duty engines has spurred the widespread adoption of diesel particulate filters (DPFs), which need to be regenerated periodically to remove trapped PM. The total impact of DPFs therefore depends not only on their filtering effi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2018-05, Vol.52 (10), p.5868-5874
Main Authors: Ruehl, Chris, Smith, Jeremy D, Ma, Yilin, Shields, Jennifer Erin, Burnitzki, Mark, Sobieralski, Wayne, Ianni, Robert, Chernich, Donald J, Chang, M.-C. Oliver, Collins, John Francis, Yoon, Seungju, Quiros, David, Hu, Shaohua, Dwyer, Harry
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airborne particulates
Chemical composition
Diesel
Diesel engines
Emission standards
Emissions control
Filtration
Fluid filters
Organic chemistry
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Particulates
Regeneration
Studies
Trucks
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Summary:Recent tightening of particulate matter (PM) emission standards for heavy-duty engines has spurred the widespread adoption of diesel particulate filters (DPFs), which need to be regenerated periodically to remove trapped PM. The total impact of DPFs therefore depends not only on their filtering efficiency during normal operation, but also on the emissions during and the frequency of regeneration events. We performed active (parked and driving) and passive regenerations on two heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), and report the chemical composition of emissions during these events, as well as the efficiency with which trapped PM is converted to gas-phase products. We also collected activity data from 85 HDDVs to determine how often regeneration occurs during real-world operation. PM emitted during regeneration ranged from 0.2 to 16.3 g, and the average time and distance between real-world active regenerations was 28.0 h and 599 miles. These results indicate that regeneration of real-world DPFs does not substantially offset the reduction of PM by DPFs during normal operation. The broad ranges of regeneration frequency per truck (3–100 h and 23–4078 miles) underscore the challenges in designing engines and associated aftertreatments that reduce emissions for all real-world duty cycles.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.7b05633