CO2 Clamping, Peripheral and Central Fatigue during Hypoxic Knee Extensions in Men

INTRODUCTIONThe central nervous system can play a critical role in limiting exercise performance during hypoxic conditions. Hypocapnia, which is associated with hypoxia-induced hyperventilation, may affect cerebral perfusion. We hypothesized that CO2 clamping during hypoxic isometric knee extensions...

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Published in:Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2015-12, Vol.47 (12), p.2513-2524
Main Authors: RUPP, THOMAS, MALLOUF, THIBAULT LE ROUX, PERREY, STÉPHANE, WUYAM, BERNARD, MILLET, GUILLAUME Y, VERGES, SAMUEL
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Constriction
Electric Stimulation
Electromyography
Exercise - physiology
Fatigue - physiopathology
Femoral Nerve - physiology
Humans
Hypoxia - physiopathology
Isometric Contraction
Knee - physiology
Male
Muscle Fatigue - physiology
Oxygen Consumption
Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism
Quadriceps Muscle - metabolism
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Summary:INTRODUCTIONThe central nervous system can play a critical role in limiting exercise performance during hypoxic conditions. Hypocapnia, which is associated with hypoxia-induced hyperventilation, may affect cerebral perfusion. We hypothesized that CO2 clamping during hypoxic isometric knee extensions would improve cerebral oxygenation and reduce central fatigue. METHODSFifteen healthy men (mean ± SDage, 25 ± 8 yr; body mass, 72 ± 11 kg; height, 179 ± 7 cm) performed intermittent isometric knee extensions at ∼50% of maximal voluntary contraction to task failure in normoxia, hypoxia with CO2 clamping (arterial O2 saturation, 80% ± 2%; end-tidal CO2 partial pressure, 40 ± 2 mm Hg), and hypoxia without CO2 clamping (arterial O2 saturation, 80% ± 3%). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and femoral nerve electrical stimulation were used to assess central and peripheral determinants of fatigue. Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps femoris oxygenation were monitored by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTSExercise duration was reduced to a similar extent in hypoxia with CO2 clamping (997 ± 460 s) or hypoxia without CO2 clamping (929 ± 412 s) compared to normoxia (1473 ± 876 s; P < 0.001). Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps oxygenation were increased (+5.3 ± 8.6 and +2.6 ± 3.0 μmol·cm at task failure, respectively; P < 0.01) during hypoxia with CO2 clamping compared to hypoxia without CO2 clamping. Transcranial magnetic stimulation maximal voluntary activation decreased to a greater extent at task failure in hypoxia without CO2 clamping (−18% ± 8%) compared to hypoxia with CO2 clamping (−9% ± 9%; P < 0.01) and normoxia (−10% ± 7%; P < 0.05). Conversely, exercise-induced peripheral fatigue was larger in hypoxia with CO2 clamping than in hypoxia without CO2 clamping (e.g., Db10-to-Db100 ratio of 0.54 ± 0.12 and 0.63 ± 0.11 at task failure, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that CO2 clamping can alter central and peripheral mechanisms that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue during hypoxic isometric knee extensions in men. Hypocapnia impairs cerebral oxygenation and central drive but exerts a protective effect against fatigability in muscles.
ISSN:0195-9131
1530-0315
DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000724