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Speciation genomics and a role for the Z chromosome in the early stages of divergence between Mexican ducks and mallards

Speciation is a continuous and dynamic process, and studying organisms during the early stages of this process can aid in identifying speciation mechanisms. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Mexican duck (A. [p.] diazi) are two recently diverged taxa with a history of hybridization and controvers...

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Published in:Molecular ecology 2015-11, Vol.24 (21), p.5364-5378
Main Authors: Lavretsky, Philip, Dacosta, Jeffrey M, Hernández‐Baños, Blanca E, Engilis, Andrew, Jr, Sorenson, Michael D, Peters, Jeffrey L
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4482-560b85314b67f5f505a3418238121610f1da253d302fe1dfa41fb92f1d127b243
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container_end_page 5378
container_issue 21
container_start_page 5364
container_title Molecular ecology
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creator Lavretsky, Philip
Dacosta, Jeffrey M
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description Speciation is a continuous and dynamic process, and studying organisms during the early stages of this process can aid in identifying speciation mechanisms. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Mexican duck (A. [p.] diazi) are two recently diverged taxa with a history of hybridization and controversial taxonomy. To understand their evolutionary history, we conducted genomic scans to characterize patterns of genetic diversity and divergence across the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, 3523 autosomal loci and 172 Z‐linked sex chromosome loci. Between the two taxa, Z‐linked loci (ΦST = 0.088) were 5.2 times more differentiated than autosomal DNA (ΦST = 0.017) but comparable to mtDNA (ΦST = 0.092). This elevated Z differentiation deviated from neutral expectations inferred from simulated data that incorporated demographic history and differences in effective population sizes between marker types. Furthermore, 3% of Z‐linked loci, compared to
doi_str_mv 10.1111/mec.13402
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The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Mexican duck (A. [p.] diazi) are two recently diverged taxa with a history of hybridization and controversial taxonomy. To understand their evolutionary history, we conducted genomic scans to characterize patterns of genetic diversity and divergence across the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, 3523 autosomal loci and 172 Z‐linked sex chromosome loci. Between the two taxa, Z‐linked loci (ΦST = 0.088) were 5.2 times more differentiated than autosomal DNA (ΦST = 0.017) but comparable to mtDNA (ΦST = 0.092). This elevated Z differentiation deviated from neutral expectations inferred from simulated data that incorporated demographic history and differences in effective population sizes between marker types. Furthermore, 3% of Z‐linked loci, compared to &lt;0.1% of autosomal loci, were detected as outlier loci under divergent selection with elevated relative (ΦST) and absolute (dXY) estimates of divergence. In contrast, the ratio of Z‐linked and autosomal differentiation among the seven Mexican duck sampling locations was close to 1:1 (ΦST = 0.018 for both markers). We conclude that between mallards and Mexican ducks, divergence at autosomal markers is largely neutral, whereas greater divergence on the Z chromosome (or some portions thereof) is likely the product of selection that has been important in speciation. 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The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Mexican duck (A. [p.] diazi) are two recently diverged taxa with a history of hybridization and controversial taxonomy. To understand their evolutionary history, we conducted genomic scans to characterize patterns of genetic diversity and divergence across the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, 3523 autosomal loci and 172 Z‐linked sex chromosome loci. Between the two taxa, Z‐linked loci (ΦST = 0.088) were 5.2 times more differentiated than autosomal DNA (ΦST = 0.017) but comparable to mtDNA (ΦST = 0.092). This elevated Z differentiation deviated from neutral expectations inferred from simulated data that incorporated demographic history and differences in effective population sizes between marker types. Furthermore, 3% of Z‐linked loci, compared to &lt;0.1% of autosomal loci, were detected as outlier loci under divergent selection with elevated relative (ΦST) and absolute (dXY) estimates of divergence. In contrast, the ratio of Z‐linked and autosomal differentiation among the seven Mexican duck sampling locations was close to 1:1 (ΦST = 0.018 for both markers). We conclude that between mallards and Mexican ducks, divergence at autosomal markers is largely neutral, whereas greater divergence on the Z chromosome (or some portions thereof) is likely the product of selection that has been important in speciation. Our results contribute to a growing body of literature indicating elevated divergence on the Z chromosome and its likely importance in avian speciation.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Scientific Publications</pub><pmid>26414437</pmid><doi>10.1111/mec.13402</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record>
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ispartof Molecular ecology, 2015-11, Vol.24 (21), p.5364-5378
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language eng
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source Wiley
subjects Anas platyrhynchos
Animals
anseriformes
Chromosomes
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
ducks
Ducks - classification
Ducks - genetics
elevated Z divergence
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic diversity
Genetic Speciation
genetic variation
Genetics, Population
Genomics
genotyping by sequencing
hybridization
loci
marker discordance
Mexico
Mitochondrial DNA
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
phylogeography
Population Density
population size
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sex Chromosomes - genetics
speciation
taxonomy
United States
Z chromosome
title Speciation genomics and a role for the Z chromosome in the early stages of divergence between Mexican ducks and mallards
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