Altered processing of self-related emotional stimuli in mindfulness meditators

Mental health benefits of mindfulness techniques are thought to involve changes in self-processing, such as decreased attachment to the self, higher self-compassion and lower emotional reactivity to inner experience. However, self-related emotion processing in regular mindfulness practitioners is no...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2016-01, Vol.124 (Pt A), p.958-967
Main Authors: Lutz, J., Brühl, A.B., Doerig, N., Scheerer, H., Achermann, R., Weibel, A., Jäncke, L., Herwig, U.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Affect
Aged
Behavior
Behavior - physiology
Brain Mapping
Critical thinking
Decision making
Design
Emotion regulation
Emotions
Emotions - physiology
Female
Functional magnetic resonance
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Mindfulness
Parietal Lobe - physiology
Prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal Cortex - physiology
Psychophysiology
Self Concept
Self reference
Self-Assessment
Self-compassion
Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vipassana
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Summary:Mental health benefits of mindfulness techniques are thought to involve changes in self-processing, such as decreased attachment to the self, higher self-compassion and lower emotional reactivity to inner experience. However, self-related emotion processing in regular mindfulness practitioners is not extensively studied. In the current work we investigate differential neural and behavioral correlates of self-criticism and self-praise in 22 mid-to-long-term mindfulness meditators (LTM) compared to 22 matched meditation-naïve participants (MNP). In an fMRI experiment, participants were presented with blocks of individually selected positive (self-praise, SP), negative (self-critical, SC), negative but not-self-critical (NNSC), and general, neutral (NT) adjectives, and reported their affective state after the blocks. On the neural level, both SP and SC yielded more activation in the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) in LTM compared to MNP. Activation in this region correlated positively with non-react scores of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and showed decreased functional connectivity to posterior midline and parietal regions in LTM compared to MNP during both self-related appraisals. Further, we found evidence for emotional reactivity in LTM on the neural level, particularly during SP. On the behavioral level, a mixed effects analysis revealed significantly higher differences in affective ratings after blocks of SC compared to SP in MNP compared to LTM. Differences in DMPFC activation and affective ratings point towards increased awareness, potentially mindful regulation of SC and SP in LTM, while decreased connectivity to other regions of the default mode network could reflect a decreased self-focus in this group. As such, our results illustrate differences in self-related emotional processes in meditators and offer clinically relevant insights into mechanisms of mindful emotion regulation when facing self-criticism and self-praise.
ISSN:1053-8119
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.057