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Synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties of chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate)
The kinetically inert chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate), Crq3, has been synthesized, crystallized from 90% methanol-water, and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. It is formed as a methanol solvate, but the sol...
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Published in: | Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry 2015-07, Vol.44 (25), p.11491-11503 |
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container_title | Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry |
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creator | Freitas, Ana R Silva, Mónica Ramos, M Luísa Justino, Licínia L G Fonseca, Sofia M Barsan, Madalina M Brett, Christopher M A Silva, M Ramos Burrows, Hugh D |
description | The kinetically inert chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate), Crq3, has been synthesized, crystallized from 90% methanol-water, and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. It is formed as a methanol solvate, but the solvent can be removed by heating. Large paramagnetic shifts and spectral broadening in (1)H NMR spectra indicate electron delocalization between the metal and the ligand. DFT calculations show it is present as the meridional isomer, with the HOMO largely based on one of the metal 3d orbitals and the LUMO essentially localized on the ligands. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acetonitrile solutions shows four oxidation peaks and two, less intense reduction waves on the first scan. The HOMO energy determined from the first oxidation peak is fairly close to that obtained by DFT, in agreement with this being mainly metal based. Although the number of peaks decreases on subsequent CV scans, the complex shows markedly enhanced electrochemical stability compared with aluminium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate). Solution UV/visible absorption and solid diffuse reflectance spectra have a weak, long wavelength band, assigned to the metal based d-d transition, in addition to the normal, ligand based bands seen in metal quinolates. The energy of the lowest energy band is identical to the HOMO-LUMO separation obtained by cyclic voltammetry, in agreement with the above description. The compound is only weakly luminescent, in contrast to many other metal quinolates, due to the lowest energy transition being metal rather than ligand based. The potential of this compound as an electron transporting/hole blocking layer in optoelectronic devices is indicated. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/c5dt00727e |
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It is formed as a methanol solvate, but the solvent can be removed by heating. Large paramagnetic shifts and spectral broadening in (1)H NMR spectra indicate electron delocalization between the metal and the ligand. DFT calculations show it is present as the meridional isomer, with the HOMO largely based on one of the metal 3d orbitals and the LUMO essentially localized on the ligands. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acetonitrile solutions shows four oxidation peaks and two, less intense reduction waves on the first scan. The HOMO energy determined from the first oxidation peak is fairly close to that obtained by DFT, in agreement with this being mainly metal based. Although the number of peaks decreases on subsequent CV scans, the complex shows markedly enhanced electrochemical stability compared with aluminium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate). Solution UV/visible absorption and solid diffuse reflectance spectra have a weak, long wavelength band, assigned to the metal based d-d transition, in addition to the normal, ligand based bands seen in metal quinolates. The energy of the lowest energy band is identical to the HOMO-LUMO separation obtained by cyclic voltammetry, in agreement with the above description. The compound is only weakly luminescent, in contrast to many other metal quinolates, due to the lowest energy transition being metal rather than ligand based. The potential of this compound as an electron transporting/hole blocking layer in optoelectronic devices is indicated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1477-9226</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-9234</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00727e</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26030802</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><subject>Band spectra ; Ligands ; Methyl alcohol ; Molecular orbitals ; Oxidation ; Reflectance ; Spectra ; Voltammetry</subject><ispartof>Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry, 2015-07, Vol.44 (25), p.11491-11503</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-1cdaa2ec2b53d6298d2aa741535e610013af533e2275f624a6b0868107f36fea3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-1cdaa2ec2b53d6298d2aa741535e610013af533e2275f624a6b0868107f36fea3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030802$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Freitas, Ana R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramos, M Luísa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Justino, Licínia L G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fonseca, Sofia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barsan, Madalina M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brett, Christopher M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, M Ramos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burrows, Hugh D</creatorcontrib><title>Synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties of chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate)</title><title>Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry</title><addtitle>Dalton Trans</addtitle><description>The kinetically inert chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate), Crq3, has been synthesized, crystallized from 90% methanol-water, and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. It is formed as a methanol solvate, but the solvent can be removed by heating. Large paramagnetic shifts and spectral broadening in (1)H NMR spectra indicate electron delocalization between the metal and the ligand. DFT calculations show it is present as the meridional isomer, with the HOMO largely based on one of the metal 3d orbitals and the LUMO essentially localized on the ligands. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acetonitrile solutions shows four oxidation peaks and two, less intense reduction waves on the first scan. The HOMO energy determined from the first oxidation peak is fairly close to that obtained by DFT, in agreement with this being mainly metal based. Although the number of peaks decreases on subsequent CV scans, the complex shows markedly enhanced electrochemical stability compared with aluminium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate). Solution UV/visible absorption and solid diffuse reflectance spectra have a weak, long wavelength band, assigned to the metal based d-d transition, in addition to the normal, ligand based bands seen in metal quinolates. The energy of the lowest energy band is identical to the HOMO-LUMO separation obtained by cyclic voltammetry, in agreement with the above description. The compound is only weakly luminescent, in contrast to many other metal quinolates, due to the lowest energy transition being metal rather than ligand based. The potential of this compound as an electron transporting/hole blocking layer in optoelectronic devices is indicated.</description><subject>Band spectra</subject><subject>Ligands</subject><subject>Methyl alcohol</subject><subject>Molecular orbitals</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Reflectance</subject><subject>Spectra</subject><subject>Voltammetry</subject><issn>1477-9226</issn><issn>1477-9234</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU1PwzAMhiMEgjG48ANQjxui4DhN0h7RGDAJiQNwrrLU1YL6sSWpxP494_PKyX6tR68tv4ydcbjiIIprK6sIoFHTHhvxTOu0QJHt__WojthxCG8AiCDxkB2hAgE54Ih1z9surii4cJmE6AcbB0-XiemqJKzJRm-aL0HNp-jtilpnd7O179fko6OQ9HViV75v3dBOFovFNInehXSSp6tt5fv37WZwXd-4zkSanrCD2jSBTn_qmL3ezV9mD-nj0_1idvOYWoEQU24rY5AsLqWoFBZ5hcbojEshSXEALkwthSBELWuFmVFLyFXOQddC1WTEmE2-fXd3bgYKsWxdsNQ0pqN-CCXXWaZ0IRT-j6oCkAu5Wz5mF9-o9X0Inupy7V1r_LbkUH5GUc7k7ctXFPMdfP7jOyxbqv7Q39-LD-OHhA0</recordid><startdate>20150707</startdate><enddate>20150707</enddate><creator>Freitas, Ana R</creator><creator>Silva, Mónica</creator><creator>Ramos, M Luísa</creator><creator>Justino, Licínia L G</creator><creator>Fonseca, Sofia M</creator><creator>Barsan, Madalina M</creator><creator>Brett, Christopher M A</creator><creator>Silva, M Ramos</creator><creator>Burrows, Hugh D</creator><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150707</creationdate><title>Synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties of chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate)</title><author>Freitas, Ana R ; Silva, Mónica ; Ramos, M Luísa ; Justino, Licínia L G ; Fonseca, Sofia M ; Barsan, Madalina M ; Brett, Christopher M A ; Silva, M Ramos ; Burrows, Hugh D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-1cdaa2ec2b53d6298d2aa741535e610013af533e2275f624a6b0868107f36fea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Band spectra</topic><topic>Ligands</topic><topic>Methyl alcohol</topic><topic>Molecular orbitals</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Reflectance</topic><topic>Spectra</topic><topic>Voltammetry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Freitas, Ana R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramos, M Luísa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Justino, Licínia L G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fonseca, Sofia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barsan, Madalina M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brett, Christopher M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, M Ramos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burrows, Hugh D</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Freitas, Ana R</au><au>Silva, Mónica</au><au>Ramos, M Luísa</au><au>Justino, Licínia L G</au><au>Fonseca, Sofia M</au><au>Barsan, Madalina M</au><au>Brett, Christopher M A</au><au>Silva, M Ramos</au><au>Burrows, Hugh D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties of chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate)</atitle><jtitle>Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Dalton Trans</addtitle><date>2015-07-07</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>25</issue><spage>11491</spage><epage>11503</epage><pages>11491-11503</pages><issn>1477-9226</issn><eissn>1477-9234</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>The kinetically inert chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate), Crq3, has been synthesized, crystallized from 90% methanol-water, and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. It is formed as a methanol solvate, but the solvent can be removed by heating. Large paramagnetic shifts and spectral broadening in (1)H NMR spectra indicate electron delocalization between the metal and the ligand. DFT calculations show it is present as the meridional isomer, with the HOMO largely based on one of the metal 3d orbitals and the LUMO essentially localized on the ligands. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acetonitrile solutions shows four oxidation peaks and two, less intense reduction waves on the first scan. The HOMO energy determined from the first oxidation peak is fairly close to that obtained by DFT, in agreement with this being mainly metal based. Although the number of peaks decreases on subsequent CV scans, the complex shows markedly enhanced electrochemical stability compared with aluminium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate). Solution UV/visible absorption and solid diffuse reflectance spectra have a weak, long wavelength band, assigned to the metal based d-d transition, in addition to the normal, ligand based bands seen in metal quinolates. The energy of the lowest energy band is identical to the HOMO-LUMO separation obtained by cyclic voltammetry, in agreement with the above description. The compound is only weakly luminescent, in contrast to many other metal quinolates, due to the lowest energy transition being metal rather than ligand based. The potential of this compound as an electron transporting/hole blocking layer in optoelectronic devices is indicated.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>26030802</pmid><doi>10.1039/c5dt00727e</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Band spectra Ligands Methyl alcohol Molecular orbitals Oxidation Reflectance Spectra Voltammetry |
title | Synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties of chromium(III) tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate) |
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