Nitrate uptake dynamics of surface transient storage in stream channels and fluvial wetlands

River systems are important regulators of anthropogenic nitrogen flux between land and ocean. Nitrogen dynamics in small headwater streams have been extensively measured, whereas less is known about contributions of other components of stream networks to nitrogen removal, including larger streams or...

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Published in:Biogeochemistry 2014-08, Vol.120 (1-3), p.239-257
Main Authors: Wollheim, W. M, Harms, T. K, Peterson, B. J, Morkeski, K, Hopkinson, C. S, Stewart, R. J, Gooseff, M. N, Briggs, M. A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Biogeochemistry
Biogeosciences
Biological and medical sciences
Creeks & streams
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Ecosystems
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Environmental Chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
Fluvial channels
Fresh water ecosystems
Freshwater fishes
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Headwaters
Hydrology
Hydrology. Hydrogeology
Kinetics
Life Sciences
Marine
Nitrates
nitrogen
Pollution, environment geology
Reaction kinetics
rivers
Stream channels
Streams
Surface chemistry
Synecology
watersheds
Wetlands
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creator Wollheim, W. M
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Gooseff, M. N
Briggs, M. A
description River systems are important regulators of anthropogenic nitrogen flux between land and ocean. Nitrogen dynamics in small headwater streams have been extensively measured, whereas less is known about contributions of other components of stream networks to nitrogen removal, including larger streams or fluvial wetlands. Here, we quantified nitrate reaction rates in higher-order stream channels and in surface transient storage (STS) zones (sub-systems with greater water residence time than the main channel) of the Ipswich River watershed, a temperate basin characterized by suburban development. We characterized uptake in STS both within higher-order stream channels and in fluvial wetlands that remain connected to advective fluxes but not constrained within channels. We compare reaction rates in these systems to those previously measured in headwater streams in the same basin. We found that (1) nitrate reaction rates (as uptake velocity, f) in higher-order streams (n = 2) differed from each other but were consistent with previous estimates from headwater streams, (2) nitrate reaction rates in STS zones within higher-order stream channels (n = 2) were higher than rates estimated at the whole-stream scale, (3) ambient nitrate reaction rates in fluvial wetland STS (n = 7) were high but comparable to headwater streams with low nitrate concentration, (4) nitrate reaction rates were higher in fluvial wetland STS compared to headwater stream channels at elevated nitrate concentration, and (5) efficiency loss (EL) similar to that found in headwater streams was also apparent in fluvial wetlands. These results indicate that STS are potential hotspots of biogeochemical activity and should be explicitly integrated into network scale biogeochemical models. Further, experimental evidence of EL in fluvial wetlands suggests that the effectiveness of STS to retain N may decline if N loading increases.
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M ; Harms, T. K ; Peterson, B. J ; Morkeski, K ; Hopkinson, C. S ; Stewart, R. J ; Gooseff, M. N ; Briggs, M. A</creator><creatorcontrib>Wollheim, W. M ; Harms, T. K ; Peterson, B. J ; Morkeski, K ; Hopkinson, C. S ; Stewart, R. J ; Gooseff, M. N ; Briggs, M. A</creatorcontrib><description>River systems are important regulators of anthropogenic nitrogen flux between land and ocean. Nitrogen dynamics in small headwater streams have been extensively measured, whereas less is known about contributions of other components of stream networks to nitrogen removal, including larger streams or fluvial wetlands. Here, we quantified nitrate reaction rates in higher-order stream channels and in surface transient storage (STS) zones (sub-systems with greater water residence time than the main channel) of the Ipswich River watershed, a temperate basin characterized by suburban development. We characterized uptake in STS both within higher-order stream channels and in fluvial wetlands that remain connected to advective fluxes but not constrained within channels. We compare reaction rates in these systems to those previously measured in headwater streams in the same basin. We found that (1) nitrate reaction rates (as uptake velocity, f) in higher-order streams (n = 2) differed from each other but were consistent with previous estimates from headwater streams, (2) nitrate reaction rates in STS zones within higher-order stream channels (n = 2) were higher than rates estimated at the whole-stream scale, (3) ambient nitrate reaction rates in fluvial wetland STS (n = 7) were high but comparable to headwater streams with low nitrate concentration, (4) nitrate reaction rates were higher in fluvial wetland STS compared to headwater stream channels at elevated nitrate concentration, and (5) efficiency loss (EL) similar to that found in headwater streams was also apparent in fluvial wetlands. These results indicate that STS are potential hotspots of biogeochemical activity and should be explicitly integrated into network scale biogeochemical models. 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Nitrogen dynamics in small headwater streams have been extensively measured, whereas less is known about contributions of other components of stream networks to nitrogen removal, including larger streams or fluvial wetlands. Here, we quantified nitrate reaction rates in higher-order stream channels and in surface transient storage (STS) zones (sub-systems with greater water residence time than the main channel) of the Ipswich River watershed, a temperate basin characterized by suburban development. We characterized uptake in STS both within higher-order stream channels and in fluvial wetlands that remain connected to advective fluxes but not constrained within channels. We compare reaction rates in these systems to those previously measured in headwater streams in the same basin. We found that (1) nitrate reaction rates (as uptake velocity, f) in higher-order streams (n = 2) differed from each other but were consistent with previous estimates from headwater streams, (2) nitrate reaction rates in STS zones within higher-order stream channels (n = 2) were higher than rates estimated at the whole-stream scale, (3) ambient nitrate reaction rates in fluvial wetland STS (n = 7) were high but comparable to headwater streams with low nitrate concentration, (4) nitrate reaction rates were higher in fluvial wetland STS compared to headwater stream channels at elevated nitrate concentration, and (5) efficiency loss (EL) similar to that found in headwater streams was also apparent in fluvial wetlands. These results indicate that STS are potential hotspots of biogeochemical activity and should be explicitly integrated into network scale biogeochemical models. 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subjects Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Biogeochemistry
Biogeosciences
Biological and medical sciences
Creeks & streams
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Ecosystems
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Environmental Chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
Fluvial channels
Fresh water ecosystems
Freshwater fishes
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Headwaters
Hydrology
Hydrology. Hydrogeology
Kinetics
Life Sciences
Marine
Nitrates
nitrogen
Pollution, environment geology
Reaction kinetics
rivers
Stream channels
Streams
Surface chemistry
Synecology
watersheds
Wetlands
title Nitrate uptake dynamics of surface transient storage in stream channels and fluvial wetlands
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