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Molecular characterization and functional divergence of two Gadd45g homologs in sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is known to play a major role in embryonic development and sex determination. In this study, two Gadd45g genes were isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridizati...
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| Published in: | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2014-11, Vol.177-178, p.56-64 |
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| container_title | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
| container_volume | 177-178 |
| creator | Liu, Wan-Jun Zhang, Li-Yan Shao, Chang-Wei Wang, Na Liu, Kun Wen, Hai-Shen Zhang, Ning Dong, Zhong-Dian Zhang, Jun-Jie Chen, Song-Lin |
| description | The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is known to play a major role in embryonic development and sex determination. In this study, two Gadd45g genes were isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were located on the W and Z chromosomes, respectively. The full-length cDNA sequences of Gadd45g1 (1270bp) and Gadd45g2 (1181bp) were predicted to contain a 480-bp coding sequence that could encode a protein of 159 amino acids residues. A phylogenetic tree showed that the predicted Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 amino acid sequences clustered closely in one branch. It is proposed that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 are paralogous genes derived from the divergence of the sex chromosome. Ka/Ks ratios indicated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 may have undergone a high number of mutations and have a divergence time of only about 68,000years, although Gadd45g homologs are highly conserved. The qRT-PCR demonstrated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were highly expressed in ovary, and negligibly expressed in testis of male and neo-male. During development of the ovary (from 80 to 150days), the expression levels of both genes reached high levels. Gadd45g1 was also highly expressed at 50days, the stage just before gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. All these findings imply functional divergence of the two Gadd45g homologs; Gadd45g1 may be necessary for sex differentiation in the early stage of gonad development, and then Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 maintain ovary development and the female character of half-smooth tongue sole. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.001 |
| format | article |
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In this study, two Gadd45g genes were isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were located on the W and Z chromosomes, respectively. The full-length cDNA sequences of Gadd45g1 (1270bp) and Gadd45g2 (1181bp) were predicted to contain a 480-bp coding sequence that could encode a protein of 159 amino acids residues. A phylogenetic tree showed that the predicted Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 amino acid sequences clustered closely in one branch. It is proposed that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 are paralogous genes derived from the divergence of the sex chromosome. Ka/Ks ratios indicated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 may have undergone a high number of mutations and have a divergence time of only about 68,000years, although Gadd45g homologs are highly conserved. The qRT-PCR demonstrated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were highly expressed in ovary, and negligibly expressed in testis of male and neo-male. During development of the ovary (from 80 to 150days), the expression levels of both genes reached high levels. Gadd45g1 was also highly expressed at 50days, the stage just before gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. All these findings imply functional divergence of the two Gadd45g homologs; Gadd45g1 may be necessary for sex differentiation in the early stage of gonad development, and then Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 maintain ovary development and the female character of half-smooth tongue sole.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1096-4959</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1107</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25220289</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cynoglossus ; Cynoglossus semilaevis ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flatfishes - metabolism ; GADD45 Proteins ; Gadd45g ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovary - metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Differentiation ; Testis - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014-11, Vol.177-178, p.56-64</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-d24ff095417235eebb3fa24856acc16f66b197eea6aefe61179fc1387e84c9a93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-d24ff095417235eebb3fa24856acc16f66b197eea6aefe61179fc1387e84c9a93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wan-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li-Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shao, Chang-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Na</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Kun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Hai-Shen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Zhong-Dian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jun-Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Song-Lin</creatorcontrib><title>Molecular characterization and functional divergence of two Gadd45g homologs in sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)</title><title>Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</title><addtitle>Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol</addtitle><description>The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is known to play a major role in embryonic development and sex determination. In this study, two Gadd45g genes were isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were located on the W and Z chromosomes, respectively. The full-length cDNA sequences of Gadd45g1 (1270bp) and Gadd45g2 (1181bp) were predicted to contain a 480-bp coding sequence that could encode a protein of 159 amino acids residues. A phylogenetic tree showed that the predicted Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 amino acid sequences clustered closely in one branch. It is proposed that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 are paralogous genes derived from the divergence of the sex chromosome. Ka/Ks ratios indicated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 may have undergone a high number of mutations and have a divergence time of only about 68,000years, although Gadd45g homologs are highly conserved. The qRT-PCR demonstrated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were highly expressed in ovary, and negligibly expressed in testis of male and neo-male. During development of the ovary (from 80 to 150days), the expression levels of both genes reached high levels. Gadd45g1 was also highly expressed at 50days, the stage just before gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. All these findings imply functional divergence of the two Gadd45g homologs; Gadd45g1 may be necessary for sex differentiation in the early stage of gonad development, and then Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 maintain ovary development and the female character of half-smooth tongue sole.</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Cynoglossus</subject><subject>Cynoglossus semilaevis</subject><subject>Evolution, Molecular</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flatfishes - metabolism</subject><subject>GADD45 Proteins</subject><subject>Gadd45g</subject><subject>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Ovary - metabolism</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Sex Determination Processes</subject><subject>Sex Differentiation</subject><subject>Testis - metabolism</subject><issn>1096-4959</issn><issn>1879-1107</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc2O1SAYhhujccbRG3BhWI6LVqAthcSNOdHRZIwbXRMKHz2cUDhCe8bxPrxfac7oUlf85H0fwvdU1UuCG4IJe3No9HgcG4pJ12DRYEweVZeED6ImBA-Pyx4LVneiFxfVs5wPGLectORpdUF7SjHl4rL69Tl60KtXCem9SkovkNxPtbgYkAoG2TXo7aA8Mu4EaYKgAUWLlruIbpQxXT-hfZyjj1NGLqAMP5CBQpldOGPK5V55W-c5xmWPlhimFVAu76Lr3X2Ik485r7k0Z-cVnFx-_bx6YpXP8OJhvaq-fXj_dfexvv1y82n37rbWLRdLbWhnLRZ9Rwba9gDj2FpFO94zpTVhlrGRiAFAMQUWGCGDsJq0fADeaaFEe1Vdn7nHFL-vkBc5u6zBexUgrlkW7sD4UMb5_2jPGKc9w32J0nNUp_KzBFYek5tVupcEy82cPMjNnNzMSSxkMVdKrx746ziD-Vv5o6oE3p4DUAZycpBk1m6zYVwCvUgT3b_4vwFAha0B</recordid><startdate>20141101</startdate><enddate>20141101</enddate><creator>Liu, Wan-Jun</creator><creator>Zhang, Li-Yan</creator><creator>Shao, Chang-Wei</creator><creator>Wang, Na</creator><creator>Liu, Kun</creator><creator>Wen, Hai-Shen</creator><creator>Zhang, Ning</creator><creator>Dong, Zhong-Dian</creator><creator>Zhang, Jun-Jie</creator><creator>Chen, Song-Lin</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141101</creationdate><title>Molecular characterization and functional divergence of two Gadd45g homologs in sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)</title><author>Liu, Wan-Jun ; Zhang, Li-Yan ; Shao, Chang-Wei ; Wang, Na ; Liu, Kun ; Wen, Hai-Shen ; Zhang, Ning ; Dong, Zhong-Dian ; Zhang, Jun-Jie ; Chen, Song-Lin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-d24ff095417235eebb3fa24856acc16f66b197eea6aefe61179fc1387e84c9a93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Cynoglossus</topic><topic>Cynoglossus semilaevis</topic><topic>Evolution, Molecular</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flatfishes - metabolism</topic><topic>GADD45 Proteins</topic><topic>Gadd45g</topic><topic>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Ovary - metabolism</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Sex Determination Processes</topic><topic>Sex Differentiation</topic><topic>Testis - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wan-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li-Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shao, Chang-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Na</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Kun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Hai-Shen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Zhong-Dian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jun-Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Song-Lin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Wan-Jun</au><au>Zhang, Li-Yan</au><au>Shao, Chang-Wei</au><au>Wang, Na</au><au>Liu, Kun</au><au>Wen, Hai-Shen</au><au>Zhang, Ning</au><au>Dong, Zhong-Dian</au><au>Zhang, Jun-Jie</au><au>Chen, Song-Lin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Molecular characterization and functional divergence of two Gadd45g homologs in sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)</atitle><jtitle>Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</jtitle><addtitle>Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol</addtitle><date>2014-11-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>177-178</volume><spage>56</spage><epage>64</epage><pages>56-64</pages><issn>1096-4959</issn><eissn>1879-1107</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is known to play a major role in embryonic development and sex determination. In this study, two Gadd45g genes were isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were located on the W and Z chromosomes, respectively. The full-length cDNA sequences of Gadd45g1 (1270bp) and Gadd45g2 (1181bp) were predicted to contain a 480-bp coding sequence that could encode a protein of 159 amino acids residues. A phylogenetic tree showed that the predicted Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 amino acid sequences clustered closely in one branch. It is proposed that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 are paralogous genes derived from the divergence of the sex chromosome. Ka/Ks ratios indicated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 may have undergone a high number of mutations and have a divergence time of only about 68,000years, although Gadd45g homologs are highly conserved. The qRT-PCR demonstrated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were highly expressed in ovary, and negligibly expressed in testis of male and neo-male. During development of the ovary (from 80 to 150days), the expression levels of both genes reached high levels. Gadd45g1 was also highly expressed at 50days, the stage just before gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. All these findings imply functional divergence of the two Gadd45g homologs; Gadd45g1 may be necessary for sex differentiation in the early stage of gonad development, and then Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 maintain ovary development and the female character of half-smooth tongue sole.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25220289</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.001</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014-11, Vol.177-178, p.56-64 |
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| source | Elsevier |
| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Cynoglossus Cynoglossus semilaevis Evolution, Molecular Female Flatfishes - metabolism GADD45 Proteins Gadd45g Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism Male Molecular Sequence Data Ovary - metabolism Phylogeny Sex Determination Processes Sex Differentiation Testis - metabolism |
| title | Molecular characterization and functional divergence of two Gadd45g homologs in sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) |
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