Autoregulation of ZEB2 expression for zearalenone production in Fusarium graminearum

Summary Several Fusarium species produce the polyketide mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA), a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in animals that is often found in F. graminearum–infected cereals in temperate regions. The ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes PKS4, PKS13, ZEB1 and ZEB2 encode a reducing p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular microbiology 2015-09, Vol.97 (5), p.942-956
Main Authors: Park, Ae Ran, Son, Hokyoung, Min, Kyunghun, Park, Jinseo, Goo, Jae Hwan, Rhee, Sangkee, Chae, Suhn‐Kee, Lee, Yin‐Won
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Binding sites
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Edible Grain - chemistry
Eukaryotes
Feedback, Physiological
Fungal Proteins - chemistry
Fungal Proteins - genetics
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Fusarium - drug effects
Fusarium - genetics
Fusarium - metabolism
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Homeostasis
Leucine Zippers
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Nonnative species
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Isoforms
Protein Multimerization
Transcription Factors - chemistry
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Zearalenone - biosynthesis
Zearalenone - pharmacology
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Summary:Summary Several Fusarium species produce the polyketide mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA), a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in animals that is often found in F. graminearum–infected cereals in temperate regions. The ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes PKS4, PKS13, ZEB1 and ZEB2 encode a reducing polyketide synthase, a non‐reducing polyketide synthase, an isoamyl alcohol oxidase and a transcription factor respectively. In this study, the production of two isoforms (ZEB2L and ZEB2S) from the ZEB2 gene in F. graminearum via an alternative promoter was characterized. ZEB2L contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA‐binding domain at the N‐terminus, whereas ZEB2S is an N‐terminally truncated form of ZEB2L that lacks the bZIP domain. Interestingly, ZEA triggers the induction of both ZEB2L and ZEB2S transcription. ZEB2L and ZEB2S interact with each other to form a heterodimer that regulates ZEA production by reducing the binding affinity of ZEB2L for the ZEB2L gene promoter. Our study provides insight into the autoregulation of ZEB2 expression by alternative promoter usage and a feedback loop during ZEA production; this regulatory mechanism is similar to that observed in higher eukaryotes. Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species. ZEB2 is a key regulator of ZEA biosynthesis. ZEB2L and ZEB2S, two isoforms formed from the ZEB2 gene, are involved in autoregulation via alternative promoter usage. ZEB2L oligomers function as direct activators of ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, and ZEB2S inhibits ZEB2L transcription by forming ZEB2L‐ZEB2S heterodimers, eliminating the DNA‐binding activity of ZEB2L oligomers.
ISSN:0950-382X
1365-2958
DOI:10.1111/mmi.13078