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Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid Achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition
Objective To determine the prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations at the mid Achilles tendon in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition. To assess the relationship between pre-existing Achilles tendon alterations and pain after running. Materials and me...
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| Published in: | Skeletal radiology 2015-08, Vol.44 (8), p.1119-1127 |
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| container_title | Skeletal radiology |
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| creator | Ooi, C. C. Schneider, M. E. Malliaras, P. Counsel, P. Connell, D. A. |
| description | Objective
To determine the prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations at the mid Achilles tendon in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition. To assess the relationship between pre-existing Achilles tendon alterations and pain after running.
Materials and methods
All marathon runners from a local running club who were participating in the Melbourne Marathon 2013 (full marathon category) were invited for conventional ultrasound and sonoelastography 1 week leading up to the marathon and again within 3 days post-marathon. Another group of active, healthy individuals not involved in running activities were recruited as controls. Intratendinous morphological (tendon thickness, hypoechogenicities), Doppler as well as stiffness properties of the Achilles were recorded. Achilles tendon pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A).
Results
Twenty-one asymptomatic runners (42 Achilles tendons) and 20 healthy controls (40 Achilles tendons) were examined. On the pre-marathon evaluation, runners showed significantly more morphological changes on B-mode ultrasound compared to the controls (
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00256-015-2132-6 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1690209540</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A731035834</galeid><sourcerecordid>A731035834</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-bc1b54099f3b66d0f3c36577f5ec11b748ac3f68f977e3b12a0083ebc87009463</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc2KFDEUhYMoTs_oA7iRgBs3NSaV31o2gzrCgC50HVKpm-4MVUmbVAnzJj6uqa5RRJAsktx859xLDkKvKLmmhKh3hZBWyIZQ0bSUtY18gnaU10NLJX2KdoRJ3rSM6wt0Wco9IVQpIZ-ji1YorSjlO_TzS4YfdoToACePp5RPxzSmQ3B2xDYOeAJ3tPF8LXPwPkIp2I4zZDuHFMtZFQa8d8cwjlDwDHFY6yFiWx6m05ymSjo82ao4pojzEiPkgnvwKcO5ifXVD1vs0nSCOazGL9Azb8cCLx_3K_Ttw_uvN7fN3eePn272d40TXM1N72gvOOk6z3opB-KZY1Io5QU4SnvFtXXMS-07pYD1tLWEaAa904qQjkt2hd5uvqecvi9QZjOF4mAcbYS0FENlR1rS1R4VffMPep-WHOt0ldJdp4TmulLXG3Wo32pC9GnO1tU1wBRciuBDre8Vo4QJzXgV0E3gciolgzenHOpvPRhKzJqz2XI2NWez5mzWqV8_jrL0Ewx_FL-DrUC7AaU-xQPkv2b9r-sv6Ym07g</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1689975848</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid Achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Ooi, C. C. ; Schneider, M. E. ; Malliaras, P. ; Counsel, P. ; Connell, D. A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Ooi, C. C. ; Schneider, M. E. ; Malliaras, P. ; Counsel, P. ; Connell, D. A.</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To determine the prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations at the mid Achilles tendon in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition. To assess the relationship between pre-existing Achilles tendon alterations and pain after running.
Materials and methods
All marathon runners from a local running club who were participating in the Melbourne Marathon 2013 (full marathon category) were invited for conventional ultrasound and sonoelastography 1 week leading up to the marathon and again within 3 days post-marathon. Another group of active, healthy individuals not involved in running activities were recruited as controls. Intratendinous morphological (tendon thickness, hypoechogenicities), Doppler as well as stiffness properties of the Achilles were recorded. Achilles tendon pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A).
Results
Twenty-one asymptomatic runners (42 Achilles tendons) and 20 healthy controls (40 Achilles tendons) were examined. On the pre-marathon evaluation, runners showed significantly more morphological changes on B-mode ultrasound compared to the controls (
p
< 0.001). Marathon running induced a significant reduction in tendon stiffness (
p
= 0.049) and an increase in Doppler signals (
p
= 0.036). Four runners (4/21, 19 %) reported Achilles tendon pain after the race [VAS 4.0 (±1.9), VISA 74.2 (±10.1)]. Reduced tendon stiffness at baseline was associated with post-marathon Achilles tendon pain (
p
= 0.016).
Conclusion
Marathon runners demonstrate a higher prevalence of morphological alterations compared to non-runners. Marathon running caused a significant change in Achilles tendon stiffness and Doppler signals. Pre-existing soft Achilles tendon properties on sonoelastography may be a predisposing risk for development of symptoms post-running.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-2348</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2161</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00256-015-2132-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25787114</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging ; Achilles Tendon - physiopathology ; Adaptation, Physiological - physiology ; Adult ; Elastic Modulus - physiology ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Nuclear Medicine ; Orthopedics ; Pathology ; Physical Endurance - physiology ; Radiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Running ; Running - physiology ; Scientific Article ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stress, Mechanical</subject><ispartof>Skeletal radiology, 2015-08, Vol.44 (8), p.1119-1127</ispartof><rights>ISS 2015</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-bc1b54099f3b66d0f3c36577f5ec11b748ac3f68f977e3b12a0083ebc87009463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-bc1b54099f3b66d0f3c36577f5ec11b748ac3f68f977e3b12a0083ebc87009463</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25787114$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ooi, C. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, M. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malliaras, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Counsel, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Connell, D. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid Achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition</title><title>Skeletal radiology</title><addtitle>Skeletal Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Skeletal Radiol</addtitle><description>Objective
To determine the prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations at the mid Achilles tendon in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition. To assess the relationship between pre-existing Achilles tendon alterations and pain after running.
Materials and methods
All marathon runners from a local running club who were participating in the Melbourne Marathon 2013 (full marathon category) were invited for conventional ultrasound and sonoelastography 1 week leading up to the marathon and again within 3 days post-marathon. Another group of active, healthy individuals not involved in running activities were recruited as controls. Intratendinous morphological (tendon thickness, hypoechogenicities), Doppler as well as stiffness properties of the Achilles were recorded. Achilles tendon pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A).
Results
Twenty-one asymptomatic runners (42 Achilles tendons) and 20 healthy controls (40 Achilles tendons) were examined. On the pre-marathon evaluation, runners showed significantly more morphological changes on B-mode ultrasound compared to the controls (
p
< 0.001). Marathon running induced a significant reduction in tendon stiffness (
p
= 0.049) and an increase in Doppler signals (
p
= 0.036). Four runners (4/21, 19 %) reported Achilles tendon pain after the race [VAS 4.0 (±1.9), VISA 74.2 (±10.1)]. Reduced tendon stiffness at baseline was associated with post-marathon Achilles tendon pain (
p
= 0.016).
Conclusion
Marathon runners demonstrate a higher prevalence of morphological alterations compared to non-runners. Marathon running caused a significant change in Achilles tendon stiffness and Doppler signals. Pre-existing soft Achilles tendon properties on sonoelastography may be a predisposing risk for development of symptoms post-running.</description><subject>Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Achilles Tendon - physiopathology</subject><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Elastic Modulus - physiology</subject><subject>Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Nuclear Medicine</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Physical Endurance - physiology</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Running</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Scientific Article</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><issn>0364-2348</issn><issn>1432-2161</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc2KFDEUhYMoTs_oA7iRgBs3NSaV31o2gzrCgC50HVKpm-4MVUmbVAnzJj6uqa5RRJAsktx859xLDkKvKLmmhKh3hZBWyIZQ0bSUtY18gnaU10NLJX2KdoRJ3rSM6wt0Wco9IVQpIZ-ji1YorSjlO_TzS4YfdoToACePp5RPxzSmQ3B2xDYOeAJ3tPF8LXPwPkIp2I4zZDuHFMtZFQa8d8cwjlDwDHFY6yFiWx6m05ymSjo82ao4pojzEiPkgnvwKcO5ifXVD1vs0nSCOazGL9Azb8cCLx_3K_Ttw_uvN7fN3eePn272d40TXM1N72gvOOk6z3opB-KZY1Io5QU4SnvFtXXMS-07pYD1tLWEaAa904qQjkt2hd5uvqecvi9QZjOF4mAcbYS0FENlR1rS1R4VffMPep-WHOt0ldJdp4TmulLXG3Wo32pC9GnO1tU1wBRciuBDre8Vo4QJzXgV0E3gciolgzenHOpvPRhKzJqz2XI2NWez5mzWqV8_jrL0Ewx_FL-DrUC7AaU-xQPkv2b9r-sv6Ym07g</recordid><startdate>20150801</startdate><enddate>20150801</enddate><creator>Ooi, C. C.</creator><creator>Schneider, M. E.</creator><creator>Malliaras, P.</creator><creator>Counsel, P.</creator><creator>Connell, D. A.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150801</creationdate><title>Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid Achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition</title><author>Ooi, C. C. ; Schneider, M. E. ; Malliaras, P. ; Counsel, P. ; Connell, D. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-bc1b54099f3b66d0f3c36577f5ec11b748ac3f68f977e3b12a0083ebc87009463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Achilles Tendon - physiopathology</topic><topic>Adaptation, Physiological - physiology</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Elastic Modulus - physiology</topic><topic>Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Nuclear Medicine</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Physical Endurance - physiology</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Running</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Scientific Article</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ooi, C. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, M. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malliaras, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Counsel, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Connell, D. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - current)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Skeletal radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ooi, C. C.</au><au>Schneider, M. E.</au><au>Malliaras, P.</au><au>Counsel, P.</au><au>Connell, D. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid Achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition</atitle><jtitle>Skeletal radiology</jtitle><stitle>Skeletal Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Skeletal Radiol</addtitle><date>2015-08-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1119</spage><epage>1127</epage><pages>1119-1127</pages><issn>0364-2348</issn><eissn>1432-2161</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Objective
To determine the prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations at the mid Achilles tendon in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition. To assess the relationship between pre-existing Achilles tendon alterations and pain after running.
Materials and methods
All marathon runners from a local running club who were participating in the Melbourne Marathon 2013 (full marathon category) were invited for conventional ultrasound and sonoelastography 1 week leading up to the marathon and again within 3 days post-marathon. Another group of active, healthy individuals not involved in running activities were recruited as controls. Intratendinous morphological (tendon thickness, hypoechogenicities), Doppler as well as stiffness properties of the Achilles were recorded. Achilles tendon pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A).
Results
Twenty-one asymptomatic runners (42 Achilles tendons) and 20 healthy controls (40 Achilles tendons) were examined. On the pre-marathon evaluation, runners showed significantly more morphological changes on B-mode ultrasound compared to the controls (
p
< 0.001). Marathon running induced a significant reduction in tendon stiffness (
p
= 0.049) and an increase in Doppler signals (
p
= 0.036). Four runners (4/21, 19 %) reported Achilles tendon pain after the race [VAS 4.0 (±1.9), VISA 74.2 (±10.1)]. Reduced tendon stiffness at baseline was associated with post-marathon Achilles tendon pain (
p
= 0.016).
Conclusion
Marathon runners demonstrate a higher prevalence of morphological alterations compared to non-runners. Marathon running caused a significant change in Achilles tendon stiffness and Doppler signals. Pre-existing soft Achilles tendon properties on sonoelastography may be a predisposing risk for development of symptoms post-running.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>25787114</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00256-015-2132-6</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging Achilles Tendon - physiopathology Adaptation, Physiological - physiology Adult Elastic Modulus - physiology Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods Female Humans Imaging Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Nuclear Medicine Orthopedics Pathology Physical Endurance - physiology Radiology Reproducibility of Results Running Running - physiology Scientific Article Sensitivity and Specificity Stress, Mechanical |
| title | Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid Achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition |
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