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The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function
When subjected to a phasic input, sensory cortical neurons display a remarkable ability to entrain faithfully to the driving stimuli. The entrainment to rhythmic sound stimuli is often referred to as the auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) and can be captured using noninvasive techniques, such as...
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Published in: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2015-05, Vol.1344 (1), p.27-36 |
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description | When subjected to a phasic input, sensory cortical neurons display a remarkable ability to entrain faithfully to the driving stimuli. The entrainment to rhythmic sound stimuli is often referred to as the auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) and can be captured using noninvasive techniques, such as scalp‐recorded electroencephalography (EEG). An ASSR to a driving frequency of approximately 40 Hz is particularly interesting in that it shows, in relative terms, maximal power, synchrony, and synaptic activity. Moreover, the 40‐Hz ASSR has been consistently found to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients across multiple studies. The nature of the reported abnormality has been less consistent; while most studies report a deficit in entrainment, several studies have reported increased signal power, particularly when there are concurrent positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations. However, the neuropharmacological basis for the 40‐Hz ASSR, as well as its dysfunction in schizophrenia, has been unclear until recently. On the basis of several recent reports, it is argued that the 40‐Hz ASSR represents a specific marker for cortical NMDA transmission. If confirmed, the 40‐Hz ASSR may be a simple and easy‐to‐access pharmacodynamic biomarker for testing the integrity of cortical NMDA neurotransmission that is robustly translational across species. |
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The entrainment to rhythmic sound stimuli is often referred to as the auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) and can be captured using noninvasive techniques, such as scalp‐recorded electroencephalography (EEG). An ASSR to a driving frequency of approximately 40 Hz is particularly interesting in that it shows, in relative terms, maximal power, synchrony, and synaptic activity. Moreover, the 40‐Hz ASSR has been consistently found to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients across multiple studies. The nature of the reported abnormality has been less consistent; while most studies report a deficit in entrainment, several studies have reported increased signal power, particularly when there are concurrent positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations. However, the neuropharmacological basis for the 40‐Hz ASSR, as well as its dysfunction in schizophrenia, has been unclear until recently. On the basis of several recent reports, it is argued that the 40‐Hz ASSR represents a specific marker for cortical NMDA transmission. If confirmed, the 40‐Hz ASSR may be a simple and easy‐to‐access pharmacodynamic biomarker for testing the integrity of cortical NMDA neurotransmission that is robustly translational across species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0077-8923</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1749-6632</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12739</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25809615</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ANYAA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>40-Hz ASSR ; Animals ; biomarker ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex - metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology ; EEG ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Hallucinations - metabolism ; Hallucinations - physiopathology ; Humans ; N-Methylaspartate - metabolism ; NMDA ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - metabolism ; Schizophrenia - physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission</subject><ispartof>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2015-05, Vol.1344 (1), p.27-36</ispartof><rights>2015 New York Academy of Sciences.</rights><rights>2015 The New York Academy of Sciences</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4619-4ef6351d3a87ec541dea5e609197a9c49c3d25f6c28be1ba68b9c0adbfe77d453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4619-4ef6351d3a87ec541dea5e609197a9c49c3d25f6c28be1ba68b9c0adbfe77d453</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fnyas.12739$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fnyas.12739$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,50923,51032</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809615$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sivarao, Digavalli V.</creatorcontrib><title>The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function</title><title>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</title><addtitle>Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci</addtitle><description>When subjected to a phasic input, sensory cortical neurons display a remarkable ability to entrain faithfully to the driving stimuli. The entrainment to rhythmic sound stimuli is often referred to as the auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) and can be captured using noninvasive techniques, such as scalp‐recorded electroencephalography (EEG). An ASSR to a driving frequency of approximately 40 Hz is particularly interesting in that it shows, in relative terms, maximal power, synchrony, and synaptic activity. Moreover, the 40‐Hz ASSR has been consistently found to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients across multiple studies. The nature of the reported abnormality has been less consistent; while most studies report a deficit in entrainment, several studies have reported increased signal power, particularly when there are concurrent positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations. However, the neuropharmacological basis for the 40‐Hz ASSR, as well as its dysfunction in schizophrenia, has been unclear until recently. On the basis of several recent reports, it is argued that the 40‐Hz ASSR represents a specific marker for cortical NMDA transmission. If confirmed, the 40‐Hz ASSR may be a simple and easy‐to‐access pharmacodynamic biomarker for testing the integrity of cortical NMDA neurotransmission that is robustly translational across species.</description><subject>40-Hz ASSR</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>biomarker</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - metabolism</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials, Auditory</subject><subject>Hallucinations - metabolism</subject><subject>Hallucinations - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>N-Methylaspartate - metabolism</subject><subject>NMDA</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - metabolism</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Synaptic Transmission</subject><issn>0077-8923</issn><issn>1749-6632</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90U9v0zAYBnALgVhXuPABkCUuaFKKHcf_uFVjdEhtQaKogovlOG9ERhp3djIInx6Xbj1wwBdffu8j-3kRekHJjKbzphttnNFcMv0ITagsdCYEyx-jCSFSZkrn7Aydx3hDCM1VIZ-is5wrogXlE_Rt8x1wQbLr39gOVdP7MOLYg63GLPa2Bxwg7n0X4S22OEILrm_uAJeN39nwAwKufcDOh75xtsXr1bs5rocuId89Q09q20Z4fn9P0Zf3V5vL62z5cfHhcr7MXCGozgqoBeO0YlZJcLygFVgOgmiqpdWu0I5VOa-Fy1UJtLRCldoRW5U1SFkVnE3R62PuPvjbAWJvdk100La2Az9EQ4UUjCnJVKKv_qE3fghdet1BcUZULg_q4qhc8DEGqM0-NOm7o6HEHBo3h8bN38YTfnkfOZQ7qE70oeIE6BH8bFoY_xNl1l_nnx9Cs-NMk3bx6zSTGjdCMsnNdr0wn7arhSaKmg37A4KRmjs</recordid><startdate>201505</startdate><enddate>201505</enddate><creator>Sivarao, Digavalli V.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201505</creationdate><title>The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function</title><author>Sivarao, Digavalli V.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4619-4ef6351d3a87ec541dea5e609197a9c49c3d25f6c28be1ba68b9c0adbfe77d453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>40-Hz ASSR</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>biomarker</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - metabolism</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>EEG</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials, Auditory</topic><topic>Hallucinations - metabolism</topic><topic>Hallucinations - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>N-Methylaspartate - metabolism</topic><topic>NMDA</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - metabolism</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Synaptic Transmission</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sivarao, Digavalli V.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sivarao, Digavalli V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function</atitle><jtitle>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci</addtitle><date>2015-05</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>1344</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>27</spage><epage>36</epage><pages>27-36</pages><issn>0077-8923</issn><eissn>1749-6632</eissn><coden>ANYAA9</coden><notes>istex:24F4836661A7760075F0BF2F33553864078232A9</notes><notes>ark:/67375/WNG-PWMG9081-T</notes><notes>ArticleID:NYAS12739</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-3</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>ObjectType-Review-1</notes><abstract>When subjected to a phasic input, sensory cortical neurons display a remarkable ability to entrain faithfully to the driving stimuli. The entrainment to rhythmic sound stimuli is often referred to as the auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) and can be captured using noninvasive techniques, such as scalp‐recorded electroencephalography (EEG). An ASSR to a driving frequency of approximately 40 Hz is particularly interesting in that it shows, in relative terms, maximal power, synchrony, and synaptic activity. Moreover, the 40‐Hz ASSR has been consistently found to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients across multiple studies. The nature of the reported abnormality has been less consistent; while most studies report a deficit in entrainment, several studies have reported increased signal power, particularly when there are concurrent positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations. However, the neuropharmacological basis for the 40‐Hz ASSR, as well as its dysfunction in schizophrenia, has been unclear until recently. On the basis of several recent reports, it is argued that the 40‐Hz ASSR represents a specific marker for cortical NMDA transmission. If confirmed, the 40‐Hz ASSR may be a simple and easy‐to‐access pharmacodynamic biomarker for testing the integrity of cortical NMDA neurotransmission that is robustly translational across species.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25809615</pmid><doi>10.1111/nyas.12739</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | 40-Hz ASSR Animals biomarker Biomarkers - metabolism Cerebral Cortex - metabolism Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology EEG Electroencephalography Evoked Potentials, Auditory Hallucinations - metabolism Hallucinations - physiopathology Humans N-Methylaspartate - metabolism NMDA Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - metabolism Schizophrenia - physiopathology Synaptic Transmission |
title | The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function |
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