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Insight into the primary mode of action of TiO sub(2) nanoparticles on Escherichia coli in the dark
Large-scale production and incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP-TiO sub(2)) in consumer products leads to their potential release into the environment and raises the question of their toxicity. The bactericidal mechanism of NP-TiO sub(2) under UV light is known to involve oxidative st...
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Published in: | Proteomics (Weinheim) 2015-01, Vol.15 (1), p.98-113 |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Large-scale production and incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP-TiO sub(2)) in consumer products leads to their potential release into the environment and raises the question of their toxicity. The bactericidal mechanism of NP-TiO sub(2) under UV light is known to involve oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. In the dark, several studies revealed that NP-TiO sub(2) can exert toxicological effects. However, the mode of action of these nanoparticles is still controversial. In the present study, we used a combination of fluorescent probes to show that NP-TiO sub(2) causes Escherichia coli membrane depolarization and loss of integrity, leading to higher cell permeability. Using both transcriptomic and proteomic global approaches we showed that this phenomenon translates into a cellular response to osmotic stress, metabolism of cell envelope components and uptake/metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. This primary mechanism of bacterial NP-TiO sub(2) toxicity is supported by the observed massive cell leakage of K super(+)/Mg super(2+) concomitant with the entrance of extracellular Na super(+), and by the depletion of intracellular ATP level. |
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ISSN: | 1615-9853 1615-9861 |
DOI: | 10.1002/pmic.201400101 |