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Age-Specific Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Among Minnesota Children: Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Family Environment
Background. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection affects the host differently according to when in life it is acquired. Understanding risk factors for infection could be important for disease prevention, and the age-specific prevalence of infection must be known to optimize use of a prophylact...
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| Published in: | Clinical infectious diseases 2014-08, Vol.59 (4), p.501-508 |
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| container_title | Clinical infectious diseases |
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| creator | Condon, Lawrence M. Cederberg, Laurel E. Rabinovitch, Mark D. Liebo, Rhoda V. Go, Janice C. Delaney, Amanda S. Schmeling, David O. Thomas, William Balfour, Henry H. |
| description | Background. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection affects the host differently according to when in life it is acquired. Understanding risk factors for infection could be important for disease prevention, and the age-specific prevalence of infection must be known to optimize use of a prophylactic vaccine. Methods. Children 18 months to 19.9 years of age who had blood drawn for medical indications during an outpatient visit were eligible. Sera were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Family demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained via scripted telephone questionnaires. Results. Consent was given for 876 of 914 (96%) subjects approached. Sera were available for 782 of 876 (89%) subjects and demographic/socioeconomic data obtained for 705 (90%) of them. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for age and sex, was as follows: non-Hispanic blacks, 74%; Asians, 62%, multiracial children, 54%; Hispanics, 50%; and non-Hispanic whites, 26%. The pattern of increases in antibody prevalence with age differed significantly by race/ethnicity, and was most divergent in the 2 youngest age groups. Adjusted EBV antibody prevalence decreased with greater household education among non-Hispanic whites, but was not associated with any other socioeconomic factor. In 42 of 51 (82%) families with >1 child in the study, the siblings' EBV antibody status was concordant (bootstrap P < .001). Conclusions. Racial/ethnic differences in EBV antibody prevalence and concordance of antibody status among siblings prompt us to speculate that both genetics and family environment contribute to acquisition of EBV infection. The ideal age to give a prophylactic vaccine may differ according to race/ethnicity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cid/ciu342 |
| format | article |
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Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection affects the host differently according to when in life it is acquired. Understanding risk factors for infection could be important for disease prevention, and the age-specific prevalence of infection must be known to optimize use of a prophylactic vaccine. Methods. Children 18 months to 19.9 years of age who had blood drawn for medical indications during an outpatient visit were eligible. Sera were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Family demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained via scripted telephone questionnaires. Results. Consent was given for 876 of 914 (96%) subjects approached. Sera were available for 782 of 876 (89%) subjects and demographic/socioeconomic data obtained for 705 (90%) of them. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for age and sex, was as follows: non-Hispanic blacks, 74%; Asians, 62%, multiracial children, 54%; Hispanics, 50%; and non-Hispanic whites, 26%. The pattern of increases in antibody prevalence with age differed significantly by race/ethnicity, and was most divergent in the 2 youngest age groups. Adjusted EBV antibody prevalence decreased with greater household education among non-Hispanic whites, but was not associated with any other socioeconomic factor. In 42 of 51 (82%) families with >1 child in the study, the siblings' EBV antibody status was concordant (bootstrap P < .001). Conclusions. Racial/ethnic differences in EBV antibody prevalence and concordance of antibody status among siblings prompt us to speculate that both genetics and family environment contribute to acquisition of EBV infection. The ideal age to give a prophylactic vaccine may differ according to race/ethnicity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu342</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24820696</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CIDIEL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adopted children ; African Americans ; Age ; Age Factors ; Age groups ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES ; Biological and medical sciences ; Capsid Proteins - immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Childrens health ; Demography ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidemiology ; Epstein Barr virus infections ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups ; Family Health ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human - immunology ; Human herpesvirus 4 ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Infant ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Minnesota - epidemiology ; Racial differences ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases ; Viruses ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2014-08, Vol.59 (4), p.501-508</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Aug 15, 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-58453b7ab6d19df7cd13ef6791b595bf5565e711308cea07fa9b61566ec3be7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-58453b7ab6d19df7cd13ef6791b595bf5565e711308cea07fa9b61566ec3be7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24032066$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24032066$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,58593,58826</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28696542$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820696$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Condon, Lawrence M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cederberg, Laurel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabinovitch, Mark D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liebo, Rhoda V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Go, Janice C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delaney, Amanda S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmeling, David O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balfour, Henry H.</creatorcontrib><title>Age-Specific Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Among Minnesota Children: Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Family Environment</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Background. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection affects the host differently according to when in life it is acquired. Understanding risk factors for infection could be important for disease prevention, and the age-specific prevalence of infection must be known to optimize use of a prophylactic vaccine. Methods. Children 18 months to 19.9 years of age who had blood drawn for medical indications during an outpatient visit were eligible. Sera were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Family demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained via scripted telephone questionnaires. Results. Consent was given for 876 of 914 (96%) subjects approached. Sera were available for 782 of 876 (89%) subjects and demographic/socioeconomic data obtained for 705 (90%) of them. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for age and sex, was as follows: non-Hispanic blacks, 74%; Asians, 62%, multiracial children, 54%; Hispanics, 50%; and non-Hispanic whites, 26%. The pattern of increases in antibody prevalence with age differed significantly by race/ethnicity, and was most divergent in the 2 youngest age groups. Adjusted EBV antibody prevalence decreased with greater household education among non-Hispanic whites, but was not associated with any other socioeconomic factor. In 42 of 51 (82%) families with >1 child in the study, the siblings' EBV antibody status was concordant (bootstrap P < .001). Conclusions. Racial/ethnic differences in EBV antibody prevalence and concordance of antibody status among siblings prompt us to speculate that both genetics and family environment contribute to acquisition of EBV infection. The ideal age to give a prophylactic vaccine may differ according to race/ethnicity.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adopted children</subject><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Capsid Proteins - immunology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Epstein Barr virus infections</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr virus</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethnic Groups</subject><subject>Family Health</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 4, Human - immunology</subject><subject>Human herpesvirus 4</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Minnesota - epidemiology</subject><subject>Racial differences</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpd0c1rFDEcxvEgiq3Vi3clUAQRxiabSSbxtl2mtlBRfLsOmcwvbZaZZE0yhb32Lzfrri94CMnhw5fAg9BzSt5SotiZcUM5M6sXD9Ax5aypBFf0YXkTLqtaMnmEnqS0JoRSSfhjdLSo5YIIJY7R_fIGqi8bMM46gz9FuNMjeAM4WNxuUgbnq3MdI_7u4pzwlbdgsgseL6fgb_AH5z2kkDVe3bpxiODf4dbuTNoVPmsDZ22-9c64vMXaD_hCT27c4tbfuRj8BD4_RY-sHhM8O9wn6NtF-3V1WV1_fH-1Wl5XphYqV1zWnPWN7sVA1WAbM1AGVjSK9lzx3nIuODSUMiINaNJYrXpBuRBgWA-NZifo9b67ieHHDCl3k0sGxlF7CHPqKK8VbZpayUJP_6PrMEdfflcUJ3JRU8mLerNXJoaUIthuE92k47ajpNst05Vluv0yBb88JOd-guEP_T1FAa8OQCejRxu1Ny79dbIg_iv0Yu_WKYf4T4ewEhLsJ1oloO4</recordid><startdate>20140815</startdate><enddate>20140815</enddate><creator>Condon, Lawrence M.</creator><creator>Cederberg, Laurel E.</creator><creator>Rabinovitch, Mark D.</creator><creator>Liebo, Rhoda V.</creator><creator>Go, Janice C.</creator><creator>Delaney, Amanda S.</creator><creator>Schmeling, David O.</creator><creator>Thomas, William</creator><creator>Balfour, Henry H.</creator><general>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140815</creationdate><title>Age-Specific Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Among Minnesota Children: Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Family Environment</title><author>Condon, Lawrence M. ; Cederberg, Laurel E. ; Rabinovitch, Mark D. ; Liebo, Rhoda V. ; Go, Janice C. ; Delaney, Amanda S. ; Schmeling, David O. ; Thomas, William ; Balfour, Henry H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-58453b7ab6d19df7cd13ef6791b595bf5565e711308cea07fa9b61566ec3be7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adopted children</topic><topic>African Americans</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Age groups</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Capsid Proteins - immunology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Epstein Barr virus infections</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr virus</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethnic Groups</topic><topic>Family Health</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 4, Human - immunology</topic><topic>Human herpesvirus 4</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Minnesota - epidemiology</topic><topic>Racial differences</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Seroepidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Condon, Lawrence M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cederberg, Laurel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabinovitch, Mark D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liebo, Rhoda V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Go, Janice C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delaney, Amanda S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmeling, David O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balfour, Henry H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Condon, Lawrence M.</au><au>Cederberg, Laurel E.</au><au>Rabinovitch, Mark D.</au><au>Liebo, Rhoda V.</au><au>Go, Janice C.</au><au>Delaney, Amanda S.</au><au>Schmeling, David O.</au><au>Thomas, William</au><au>Balfour, Henry H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Age-Specific Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Among Minnesota Children: Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Family Environment</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2014-08-15</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>501</spage><epage>508</epage><pages>501-508</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><coden>CIDIEL</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Background. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection affects the host differently according to when in life it is acquired. Understanding risk factors for infection could be important for disease prevention, and the age-specific prevalence of infection must be known to optimize use of a prophylactic vaccine. Methods. Children 18 months to 19.9 years of age who had blood drawn for medical indications during an outpatient visit were eligible. Sera were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Family demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained via scripted telephone questionnaires. Results. Consent was given for 876 of 914 (96%) subjects approached. Sera were available for 782 of 876 (89%) subjects and demographic/socioeconomic data obtained for 705 (90%) of them. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for age and sex, was as follows: non-Hispanic blacks, 74%; Asians, 62%, multiracial children, 54%; Hispanics, 50%; and non-Hispanic whites, 26%. The pattern of increases in antibody prevalence with age differed significantly by race/ethnicity, and was most divergent in the 2 youngest age groups. Adjusted EBV antibody prevalence decreased with greater household education among non-Hispanic whites, but was not associated with any other socioeconomic factor. In 42 of 51 (82%) families with >1 child in the study, the siblings' EBV antibody status was concordant (bootstrap P < .001). Conclusions. Racial/ethnic differences in EBV antibody prevalence and concordance of antibody status among siblings prompt us to speculate that both genetics and family environment contribute to acquisition of EBV infection. The ideal age to give a prophylactic vaccine may differ according to race/ethnicity.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</pub><pmid>24820696</pmid><doi>10.1093/cid/ciu342</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adopted children African Americans Age Age Factors Age groups Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES Biological and medical sciences Capsid Proteins - immunology Child Child, Preschool Children Childrens health Demography Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epidemiology Epstein Barr virus infections Epstein-Barr virus Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - epidemiology Ethnic Groups Family Health Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetics Herpesvirus 4, Human - immunology Human herpesvirus 4 Human viral diseases Humans Immunoglobulin G - blood Infant Infections Infectious diseases Male Medical sciences Minnesota - epidemiology Racial differences Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Socioeconomic Factors Viral diseases Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases Viruses Young Adult |
| title | Age-Specific Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Among Minnesota Children: Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Family Environment |
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