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Improved survival rate by temperature control at compression sites in rat model of crush syndrome
Abstract Background Crush syndrome (CS) has been reported in disasters, terrorist incidents, and accidents, and the clinical and pathologic picture has gradually been clarified. Few lethal and reproducible animal models of CS with use of a quantitative load are available. A new model is needed to in...
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| Published in: | The Journal of surgical research 2014-05, Vol.188 (1), p.250-259 |
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| creator | Nakayama, Takefumi, MD Fujita, Masanori, MD, PhD Ishihara, Masayuki, PhD Ishihara, Miya, PhD Ogata, Sho, MD, PhD Yamamoto, Yoritsuna, MD, PhD Shimizu, Masafumi, MD Maehara, Tadaaki, MD, PhD Kanatani, Yasuhiro, MD, PhD Tachibana, Shoichi, MD, PhD |
| description | Abstract Background Crush syndrome (CS) has been reported in disasters, terrorist incidents, and accidents, and the clinical and pathologic picture has gradually been clarified. Few lethal and reproducible animal models of CS with use of a quantitative load are available. A new model is needed to investigate pathologic and therapeutic aspects of this injury. Materials and methods Using a device built from commercially available components, both hindlimbs of anesthetized rats were respectively compressed for 6 h using 3.6-kg blocks. The effects of trunk warming alone without compressed hindlimbs (Group A), non-warming at room temperature (Group B), whole-body warming including compressed hindlimbs (Group C), or warming of compressed hindlimbs alone (Group D) during compression were examined. Survival rates were compared and hematological and histologic analyses were performed at specific time points after compression release. Results Limb or whole-body warming significantly worsened the survival of rats. We found a much lower survival rate of 0%–10% in animals, in which the hindlimbs were warmed during compression (Groups C and D) at 12 h after compression release, compared with 90%–100% in animals without warming of the hindlimbs (Groups A and B). Groups C and D showed significantly enhanced hyperkalemia at ≥4 h after compression release and all blood samples from dead cases showed hyperkalemia (>10 mEq/L). Conclusions We developed a new lethal and reproducible rat CS model with a quantitative load. This study found that warming of compressed limbs worsened the survival rate and significantly enhanced hyperkalemia, apparently leading to cardiac arrest. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.012 |
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Few lethal and reproducible animal models of CS with use of a quantitative load are available. A new model is needed to investigate pathologic and therapeutic aspects of this injury. Materials and methods Using a device built from commercially available components, both hindlimbs of anesthetized rats were respectively compressed for 6 h using 3.6-kg blocks. The effects of trunk warming alone without compressed hindlimbs (Group A), non-warming at room temperature (Group B), whole-body warming including compressed hindlimbs (Group C), or warming of compressed hindlimbs alone (Group D) during compression were examined. Survival rates were compared and hematological and histologic analyses were performed at specific time points after compression release. Results Limb or whole-body warming significantly worsened the survival of rats. We found a much lower survival rate of 0%–10% in animals, in which the hindlimbs were warmed during compression (Groups C and D) at 12 h after compression release, compared with 90%–100% in animals without warming of the hindlimbs (Groups A and B). Groups C and D showed significantly enhanced hyperkalemia at ≥4 h after compression release and all blood samples from dead cases showed hyperkalemia (>10 mEq/L). Conclusions We developed a new lethal and reproducible rat CS model with a quantitative load. This study found that warming of compressed limbs worsened the survival rate and significantly enhanced hyperkalemia, apparently leading to cardiac arrest.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4804</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-8673</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24679269</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Body Temperature ; Compression ; Crush syndrome ; Crush Syndrome - blood ; Crush Syndrome - etiology ; Crush Syndrome - pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hindlimb - physiology ; Hyperkalemia ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology ; Potassium - blood ; Rat model ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion injury ; Surgery ; Survival Analysis ; Temperature ; Warming</subject><ispartof>The Journal of surgical research, 2014-05, Vol.188 (1), p.250-259</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2014 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-b30d662fbfa57b9dceada7b2cf63fa6c09ae305aec6c59d456860e7244f66f333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-b30d662fbfa57b9dceada7b2cf63fa6c09ae305aec6c59d456860e7244f66f333</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24679269$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nakayama, Takefumi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujita, Masanori, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishihara, Masayuki, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishihara, Miya, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogata, Sho, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamamoto, Yoritsuna, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimizu, Masafumi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maehara, Tadaaki, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanatani, Yasuhiro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tachibana, Shoichi, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>Improved survival rate by temperature control at compression sites in rat model of crush syndrome</title><title>The Journal of surgical research</title><addtitle>J Surg Res</addtitle><description>Abstract Background Crush syndrome (CS) has been reported in disasters, terrorist incidents, and accidents, and the clinical and pathologic picture has gradually been clarified. Few lethal and reproducible animal models of CS with use of a quantitative load are available. A new model is needed to investigate pathologic and therapeutic aspects of this injury. Materials and methods Using a device built from commercially available components, both hindlimbs of anesthetized rats were respectively compressed for 6 h using 3.6-kg blocks. The effects of trunk warming alone without compressed hindlimbs (Group A), non-warming at room temperature (Group B), whole-body warming including compressed hindlimbs (Group C), or warming of compressed hindlimbs alone (Group D) during compression were examined. Survival rates were compared and hematological and histologic analyses were performed at specific time points after compression release. Results Limb or whole-body warming significantly worsened the survival of rats. We found a much lower survival rate of 0%–10% in animals, in which the hindlimbs were warmed during compression (Groups C and D) at 12 h after compression release, compared with 90%–100% in animals without warming of the hindlimbs (Groups A and B). Groups C and D showed significantly enhanced hyperkalemia at ≥4 h after compression release and all blood samples from dead cases showed hyperkalemia (>10 mEq/L). Conclusions We developed a new lethal and reproducible rat CS model with a quantitative load. This study found that warming of compressed limbs worsened the survival rate and significantly enhanced hyperkalemia, apparently leading to cardiac arrest.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Body Temperature</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Crush syndrome</subject><subject>Crush Syndrome - blood</subject><subject>Crush Syndrome - etiology</subject><subject>Crush Syndrome - pathology</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Hindlimb - physiology</subject><subject>Hyperkalemia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - pathology</subject><subject>Potassium - blood</subject><subject>Rat model</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Reperfusion injury</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Warming</subject><issn>0022-4804</issn><issn>1095-8673</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU1r3DAQhkVpaTZJf0AvQcde7OrDlm0ChRLaNBDooQnkJmRpROXa1lZjL-y_j8ymPfTQkzTwPi_MM4S856zkjKuPQzkgloJxWXJRMi5ekR1nXV20qpGvyY4xIYqqZdUZOUccWJ67Rr4lZ6JSTSdUtyPmbtqneABHcU2HcDAjTWYB2h_pAtMe8rAmoDbOS4ojNUv-ZgIQQ5wphgWQhnlj6BQdjDR6atOKPykeZ5fiBJfkjTcjwruX94I8fv3ycPOtuP9-e3fz-b6wFWuXopfMKSV8703d9J2zYJxpemG9kt4oyzoDktUGrLJ156patYpBI6rKK-WllBfkw6k37_N7BVz0FNDCOJoZ4oqa15y3gnd1m6P8FLUpIibwep_CZNJRc6Y3s3rQ2azezGoudDabmauX-rWfwP0l_qjMgetTAPKShwBJow0wW3AhgV20i-G_9Z_-oe0Y5mDN-AuOgENc05ztaa4xA_rHdtrtslwywZvmST4DlKegaQ</recordid><startdate>20140501</startdate><enddate>20140501</enddate><creator>Nakayama, Takefumi, MD</creator><creator>Fujita, Masanori, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Ishihara, Masayuki, PhD</creator><creator>Ishihara, Miya, PhD</creator><creator>Ogata, Sho, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Yamamoto, Yoritsuna, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Shimizu, Masafumi, MD</creator><creator>Maehara, Tadaaki, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Kanatani, Yasuhiro, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Tachibana, Shoichi, MD, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140501</creationdate><title>Improved survival rate by temperature control at compression sites in rat model of crush syndrome</title><author>Nakayama, Takefumi, MD ; Fujita, Masanori, MD, PhD ; Ishihara, Masayuki, PhD ; Ishihara, Miya, PhD ; Ogata, Sho, MD, PhD ; Yamamoto, Yoritsuna, MD, PhD ; Shimizu, Masafumi, MD ; Maehara, Tadaaki, MD, PhD ; Kanatani, Yasuhiro, MD, PhD ; Tachibana, Shoichi, MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-b30d662fbfa57b9dceada7b2cf63fa6c09ae305aec6c59d456860e7244f66f333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Body Temperature</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Crush syndrome</topic><topic>Crush Syndrome - blood</topic><topic>Crush Syndrome - etiology</topic><topic>Crush Syndrome - pathology</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Hindlimb - physiology</topic><topic>Hyperkalemia</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - pathology</topic><topic>Potassium - blood</topic><topic>Rat model</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Reperfusion injury</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Survival Analysis</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Warming</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nakayama, Takefumi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujita, Masanori, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishihara, Masayuki, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishihara, Miya, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogata, Sho, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamamoto, Yoritsuna, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimizu, Masafumi, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maehara, Tadaaki, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanatani, Yasuhiro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tachibana, Shoichi, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of surgical research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nakayama, Takefumi, MD</au><au>Fujita, Masanori, MD, PhD</au><au>Ishihara, Masayuki, PhD</au><au>Ishihara, Miya, PhD</au><au>Ogata, Sho, MD, PhD</au><au>Yamamoto, Yoritsuna, MD, PhD</au><au>Shimizu, Masafumi, MD</au><au>Maehara, Tadaaki, MD, PhD</au><au>Kanatani, Yasuhiro, MD, PhD</au><au>Tachibana, Shoichi, MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Improved survival rate by temperature control at compression sites in rat model of crush syndrome</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of surgical research</jtitle><addtitle>J Surg Res</addtitle><date>2014-05-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>188</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>250</spage><epage>259</epage><pages>250-259</pages><issn>0022-4804</issn><eissn>1095-8673</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Abstract Background Crush syndrome (CS) has been reported in disasters, terrorist incidents, and accidents, and the clinical and pathologic picture has gradually been clarified. Few lethal and reproducible animal models of CS with use of a quantitative load are available. A new model is needed to investigate pathologic and therapeutic aspects of this injury. Materials and methods Using a device built from commercially available components, both hindlimbs of anesthetized rats were respectively compressed for 6 h using 3.6-kg blocks. The effects of trunk warming alone without compressed hindlimbs (Group A), non-warming at room temperature (Group B), whole-body warming including compressed hindlimbs (Group C), or warming of compressed hindlimbs alone (Group D) during compression were examined. Survival rates were compared and hematological and histologic analyses were performed at specific time points after compression release. Results Limb or whole-body warming significantly worsened the survival of rats. We found a much lower survival rate of 0%–10% in animals, in which the hindlimbs were warmed during compression (Groups C and D) at 12 h after compression release, compared with 90%–100% in animals without warming of the hindlimbs (Groups A and B). Groups C and D showed significantly enhanced hyperkalemia at ≥4 h after compression release and all blood samples from dead cases showed hyperkalemia (>10 mEq/L). Conclusions We developed a new lethal and reproducible rat CS model with a quantitative load. This study found that warming of compressed limbs worsened the survival rate and significantly enhanced hyperkalemia, apparently leading to cardiac arrest.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>24679269</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.012</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Body Temperature Compression Crush syndrome Crush Syndrome - blood Crush Syndrome - etiology Crush Syndrome - pathology Disease Models, Animal Hindlimb - physiology Hyperkalemia Male Muscle, Skeletal - pathology Potassium - blood Rat model Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reperfusion injury Surgery Survival Analysis Temperature Warming |
| title | Improved survival rate by temperature control at compression sites in rat model of crush syndrome |
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