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Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy
Aim To establish a refined model of artificially infected root canals and confirm its suitability as a sensitive ex vivo method to assess the efficacy of disinfecting agents. Disinfection was evaluated using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), either blocked or unblocked by sodium thiosulphate, and a recen...
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| Published in: | International endodontic journal 2013-05, Vol.46 (5), p.449-457 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4290-e247af49235ac58472506c5637234904ac5504cd99d53901c6a542503bb608bc3 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4290-e247af49235ac58472506c5637234904ac5504cd99d53901c6a542503bb608bc3 |
| container_end_page | 457 |
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 449 |
| container_title | International endodontic journal |
| container_volume | 46 |
| creator | Hecker, S. Hiller, K.-A. Galler, K. M. Erb, S. Mader, T. Schmalz, G. |
| description | Aim
To establish a refined model of artificially infected root canals and confirm its suitability as a sensitive ex vivo method to assess the efficacy of disinfecting agents. Disinfection was evaluated using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), either blocked or unblocked by sodium thiosulphate, and a recently promoted method of disinfection, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Methodology
The roots of bovine incisors were sectioned into three parts, the canals of coronal and middle regions were filled with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and the apical region with culture medium. After 7 days, coronal sections were disinfected using NaOCl (0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% for 30, 60 and 600 s) or a system for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT; Cumdente, Tübingen, Germany) for antibacterial PDT. Apical sections served as sterile controls and middle sections as bacterial growth controls. In half of the NaOCl‐treated specimens, disinfection was arrested. Dentine chips from biopsies at different depths from the central canal towards the periphery were plated and assessed for colony‐forming units (CFU). Disinfection was considered biologically relevant if the reduction of CFU was at least three log10 orders of magnitude.
Results
Colony‐forming units of 103–104 in growth controls indicated effective artificial infection. A biologically relevant reduction of CFU was accomplished with unblocked NaOCl, but not after blocking with NaOCl nor with PDT.
Conclusions
The system reliably detected disinfection of the root canal and dentinal tubules and proved suitable for ex vivo testing of root canal disinfection. The effect of NaOCl depended on the duration of impact. Under the present experimental conditions, the antibacterial PDT system did not achieve sufficient disinfection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/iej.12010 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1326732960</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1326732960</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4290-e247af49235ac58472506c5637234904ac5504cd99d53901c6a542503bb608bc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctu1DAUhi1ERaeFBS-AvIRFWl9zWaJqKL0IVA2oS8txThSXJA62MzR9D94XT6ftDm9sHX3_Z8s_Qu8pOaFpnVq4O6GMUPIKrSjPZcZkRV-jFaGCZ6ws5SE6CuGOECIJp2_QIeNMkDKnK_R3HaKuexu6AcaIXYv1iN0U7WAfoMFwj7d263BYQoQBt85j7aNtrbG6x965iI0e09GOLZho3Yhhq_tZxxSuFzwH2DmDa-w84G6ZnOl6522EdE-DYwd46lx0zTLqwZrdwOtpeYsOWt0HePe0H6OfX9Y_zr5m19_PL84-X2dGsIpkwEShW1ExLrWRpSiYJLmROS8YFxURaSiJME1VNZJXhJpcS5EYXtc5KWvDj9HHvXfy7vcMIarBBgN9r0dwc1CUs7zgrMpJQj_tUeNdCB5aNXk7aL8oStSuBZVaUI8tJPbDk3auB2heyOdvT8DpHvhje1j-b1IX68tnZbZP2FTE_UtC-18qvbCQ6vbbubrZbMjNVX6rNvwf0v2iFg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1326732960</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Journals</source><creator>Hecker, S. ; Hiller, K.-A. ; Galler, K. M. ; Erb, S. ; Mader, T. ; Schmalz, G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Hecker, S. ; Hiller, K.-A. ; Galler, K. M. ; Erb, S. ; Mader, T. ; Schmalz, G.</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
To establish a refined model of artificially infected root canals and confirm its suitability as a sensitive ex vivo method to assess the efficacy of disinfecting agents. Disinfection was evaluated using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), either blocked or unblocked by sodium thiosulphate, and a recently promoted method of disinfection, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Methodology
The roots of bovine incisors were sectioned into three parts, the canals of coronal and middle regions were filled with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and the apical region with culture medium. After 7 days, coronal sections were disinfected using NaOCl (0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% for 30, 60 and 600 s) or a system for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT; Cumdente, Tübingen, Germany) for antibacterial PDT. Apical sections served as sterile controls and middle sections as bacterial growth controls. In half of the NaOCl‐treated specimens, disinfection was arrested. Dentine chips from biopsies at different depths from the central canal towards the periphery were plated and assessed for colony‐forming units (CFU). Disinfection was considered biologically relevant if the reduction of CFU was at least three log10 orders of magnitude.
Results
Colony‐forming units of 103–104 in growth controls indicated effective artificial infection. A biologically relevant reduction of CFU was accomplished with unblocked NaOCl, but not after blocking with NaOCl nor with PDT.
Conclusions
The system reliably detected disinfection of the root canal and dentinal tubules and proved suitable for ex vivo testing of root canal disinfection. The effect of NaOCl depended on the duration of impact. Under the present experimental conditions, the antibacterial PDT system did not achieve sufficient disinfection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0143-2885</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/iej.12010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23240861</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacterial Load - drug effects ; Cattle ; Chelating Agents - pharmacology ; Dental Disinfectants - administration & dosage ; Dental Disinfectants - therapeutic use ; Dental Pulp Cavity - microbiology ; Dentin - drug effects ; Dentin - microbiology ; Dentistry ; Disinfection - methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; NaOCl ; Photochemotherapy - methods ; photodynamic therapy ; Photosensitizing Agents - administration & dosage ; Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use ; root canal disinfection ; Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage ; Root Canal Irrigants - therapeutic use ; Sodium Hypochlorite - administration & dosage ; Sodium Hypochlorite - therapeutic use ; Thiosulfates - pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tolonium Chloride - administration & dosage ; Tolonium Chloride - therapeutic use</subject><ispartof>International endodontic journal, 2013-05, Vol.46 (5), p.449-457</ispartof><rights>2012 International Endodontic Journal. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2012 International Endodontic Journal. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4290-e247af49235ac58472506c5637234904ac5504cd99d53901c6a542503bb608bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4290-e247af49235ac58472506c5637234904ac5504cd99d53901c6a542503bb608bc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fiej.12010$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fiej.12010$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,50923,51032</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23240861$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hecker, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiller, K.-A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galler, K. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erb, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mader, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmalz, G.</creatorcontrib><title>Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy</title><title>International endodontic journal</title><addtitle>Int Endod J</addtitle><description>Aim
To establish a refined model of artificially infected root canals and confirm its suitability as a sensitive ex vivo method to assess the efficacy of disinfecting agents. Disinfection was evaluated using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), either blocked or unblocked by sodium thiosulphate, and a recently promoted method of disinfection, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Methodology
The roots of bovine incisors were sectioned into three parts, the canals of coronal and middle regions were filled with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and the apical region with culture medium. After 7 days, coronal sections were disinfected using NaOCl (0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% for 30, 60 and 600 s) or a system for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT; Cumdente, Tübingen, Germany) for antibacterial PDT. Apical sections served as sterile controls and middle sections as bacterial growth controls. In half of the NaOCl‐treated specimens, disinfection was arrested. Dentine chips from biopsies at different depths from the central canal towards the periphery were plated and assessed for colony‐forming units (CFU). Disinfection was considered biologically relevant if the reduction of CFU was at least three log10 orders of magnitude.
Results
Colony‐forming units of 103–104 in growth controls indicated effective artificial infection. A biologically relevant reduction of CFU was accomplished with unblocked NaOCl, but not after blocking with NaOCl nor with PDT.
Conclusions
The system reliably detected disinfection of the root canal and dentinal tubules and proved suitable for ex vivo testing of root canal disinfection. The effect of NaOCl depended on the duration of impact. Under the present experimental conditions, the antibacterial PDT system did not achieve sufficient disinfection.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial Load - drug effects</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chelating Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dental Disinfectants - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dental Disinfectants - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Dental Pulp Cavity - microbiology</subject><subject>Dentin - drug effects</subject><subject>Dentin - microbiology</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Enterococcus faecalis</subject><subject>Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Low-Level Light Therapy</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning</subject><subject>NaOCl</subject><subject>Photochemotherapy - methods</subject><subject>photodynamic therapy</subject><subject>Photosensitizing Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>root canal disinfection</subject><subject>Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Root Canal Irrigants - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Sodium Hypochlorite - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Sodium Hypochlorite - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Thiosulfates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Tissue Culture Techniques</subject><subject>Tolonium Chloride - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Tolonium Chloride - therapeutic use</subject><issn>0143-2885</issn><issn>1365-2591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kctu1DAUhi1ERaeFBS-AvIRFWl9zWaJqKL0IVA2oS8txThSXJA62MzR9D94XT6ftDm9sHX3_Z8s_Qu8pOaFpnVq4O6GMUPIKrSjPZcZkRV-jFaGCZ6ws5SE6CuGOECIJp2_QIeNMkDKnK_R3HaKuexu6AcaIXYv1iN0U7WAfoMFwj7d263BYQoQBt85j7aNtrbG6x965iI0e09GOLZho3Yhhq_tZxxSuFzwH2DmDa-w84G6ZnOl6522EdE-DYwd46lx0zTLqwZrdwOtpeYsOWt0HePe0H6OfX9Y_zr5m19_PL84-X2dGsIpkwEShW1ExLrWRpSiYJLmROS8YFxURaSiJME1VNZJXhJpcS5EYXtc5KWvDj9HHvXfy7vcMIarBBgN9r0dwc1CUs7zgrMpJQj_tUeNdCB5aNXk7aL8oStSuBZVaUI8tJPbDk3auB2heyOdvT8DpHvhje1j-b1IX68tnZbZP2FTE_UtC-18qvbCQ6vbbubrZbMjNVX6rNvwf0v2iFg</recordid><startdate>201305</startdate><enddate>201305</enddate><creator>Hecker, S.</creator><creator>Hiller, K.-A.</creator><creator>Galler, K. M.</creator><creator>Erb, S.</creator><creator>Mader, T.</creator><creator>Schmalz, G.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201305</creationdate><title>Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy</title><author>Hecker, S. ; Hiller, K.-A. ; Galler, K. M. ; Erb, S. ; Mader, T. ; Schmalz, G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4290-e247af49235ac58472506c5637234904ac5504cd99d53901c6a542503bb608bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacterial Load - drug effects</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Chelating Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dental Disinfectants - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dental Disinfectants - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Dental Pulp Cavity - microbiology</topic><topic>Dentin - drug effects</topic><topic>Dentin - microbiology</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Enterococcus faecalis</topic><topic>Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Low-Level Light Therapy</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning</topic><topic>NaOCl</topic><topic>Photochemotherapy - methods</topic><topic>photodynamic therapy</topic><topic>Photosensitizing Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>root canal disinfection</topic><topic>Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Root Canal Irrigants - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Sodium Hypochlorite - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Sodium Hypochlorite - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Thiosulfates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Tissue Culture Techniques</topic><topic>Tolonium Chloride - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Tolonium Chloride - therapeutic use</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hecker, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiller, K.-A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galler, K. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erb, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mader, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmalz, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International endodontic journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hecker, S.</au><au>Hiller, K.-A.</au><au>Galler, K. M.</au><au>Erb, S.</au><au>Mader, T.</au><au>Schmalz, G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy</atitle><jtitle>International endodontic journal</jtitle><addtitle>Int Endod J</addtitle><date>2013-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>449</spage><epage>457</epage><pages>449-457</pages><issn>0143-2885</issn><eissn>1365-2591</eissn><notes>istex:DB98C124EB19A6DDD79213AEA2F5FA91CDA7C3A5</notes><notes>ark:/67375/WNG-QSS0QK6W-S</notes><notes>ArticleID:IEJ12010</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Aim
To establish a refined model of artificially infected root canals and confirm its suitability as a sensitive ex vivo method to assess the efficacy of disinfecting agents. Disinfection was evaluated using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), either blocked or unblocked by sodium thiosulphate, and a recently promoted method of disinfection, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Methodology
The roots of bovine incisors were sectioned into three parts, the canals of coronal and middle regions were filled with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and the apical region with culture medium. After 7 days, coronal sections were disinfected using NaOCl (0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% for 30, 60 and 600 s) or a system for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT; Cumdente, Tübingen, Germany) for antibacterial PDT. Apical sections served as sterile controls and middle sections as bacterial growth controls. In half of the NaOCl‐treated specimens, disinfection was arrested. Dentine chips from biopsies at different depths from the central canal towards the periphery were plated and assessed for colony‐forming units (CFU). Disinfection was considered biologically relevant if the reduction of CFU was at least three log10 orders of magnitude.
Results
Colony‐forming units of 103–104 in growth controls indicated effective artificial infection. A biologically relevant reduction of CFU was accomplished with unblocked NaOCl, but not after blocking with NaOCl nor with PDT.
Conclusions
The system reliably detected disinfection of the root canal and dentinal tubules and proved suitable for ex vivo testing of root canal disinfection. The effect of NaOCl depended on the duration of impact. Under the present experimental conditions, the antibacterial PDT system did not achieve sufficient disinfection.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23240861</pmid><doi>10.1111/iej.12010</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International endodontic journal, 2013-05, Vol.46 (5), p.449-457 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Journals |
| subjects | Animals Bacterial Load - drug effects Cattle Chelating Agents - pharmacology Dental Disinfectants - administration & dosage Dental Disinfectants - therapeutic use Dental Pulp Cavity - microbiology Dentin - drug effects Dentin - microbiology Dentistry Disinfection - methods Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy Low-Level Light Therapy Microscopy, Electron, Scanning NaOCl Photochemotherapy - methods photodynamic therapy Photosensitizing Agents - administration & dosage Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use root canal disinfection Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage Root Canal Irrigants - therapeutic use Sodium Hypochlorite - administration & dosage Sodium Hypochlorite - therapeutic use Thiosulfates - pharmacology Tissue Culture Techniques Tolonium Chloride - administration & dosage Tolonium Chloride - therapeutic use |
| title | Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy |
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