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Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids
Water temperature influences almost every biological and physiological process of salmon, including disease resistance. In the Klamath River (California), current thermal conditions are considered sub-optimal for juvenile salmon. In addition to borderline temperatures, these fish must contend with t...
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| Published in: | The Journal of parasitology 2012-06, Vol.98 (3), p.520-526 |
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| creator | Ray, R. Adam Holt, Richard A Bartholomew, Jerri L |
| description | Water temperature influences almost every biological and physiological process of salmon, including disease resistance. In the Klamath River (California), current thermal conditions are considered sub-optimal for juvenile salmon. In addition to borderline temperatures, these fish must contend with the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta, a significant cause of juvenile salmonid mortality in this system. This paper presents 2 studies, conducted from 2007 to 2010, that examine thermal effects on C. shasta–induced mortality in native Klamath River Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon. In each study, fish were exposed to C. shasta in the Klamath River for 72 hr and then reared in the laboratory under temperature-controlled conditions. The first study analyzed data collected from a multi-year monitoring project to asses the influence of elevated temperatures on parasite-induced mortality during the spring/summer migration period. The second study compared disease progression in both species at 4 temperatures (13, 15, 18, and 21 C) representative of spring/summer migration conditions. Both studies demonstrated that elevated water temperatures consistently resulted in higher mortality and faster mean days to death. However, analysis of data from the multi-year monitoring showed that the magnitude of this effect varied among years and was more closely associated with parasite density than with temperature. Also, there was a difference in the timing of peak mortality between species; Chinook incurred high mortalities in 2008 and 2009, whereas coho was greatest in 2007 and 2008. As neither temperature nor parasite density can be easily manipulated, management strategies should focus on disrupting the overlap of this parasite and its obligate hosts to improve emigration success and survival of juvenile salmon in the Klamath River. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1645/JP-GE-2737.1 |
| format | article |
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Adam ; Holt, Richard A ; Bartholomew, Jerri L</creator><creatorcontrib>Ray, R. Adam ; Holt, Richard A ; Bartholomew, Jerri L</creatorcontrib><description>Water temperature influences almost every biological and physiological process of salmon, including disease resistance. In the Klamath River (California), current thermal conditions are considered sub-optimal for juvenile salmon. In addition to borderline temperatures, these fish must contend with the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta, a significant cause of juvenile salmonid mortality in this system. This paper presents 2 studies, conducted from 2007 to 2010, that examine thermal effects on C. shasta–induced mortality in native Klamath River Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon. In each study, fish were exposed to C. shasta in the Klamath River for 72 hr and then reared in the laboratory under temperature-controlled conditions. The first study analyzed data collected from a multi-year monitoring project to asses the influence of elevated temperatures on parasite-induced mortality during the spring/summer migration period. The second study compared disease progression in both species at 4 temperatures (13, 15, 18, and 21 C) representative of spring/summer migration conditions. Both studies demonstrated that elevated water temperatures consistently resulted in higher mortality and faster mean days to death. However, analysis of data from the multi-year monitoring showed that the magnitude of this effect varied among years and was more closely associated with parasite density than with temperature. Also, there was a difference in the timing of peak mortality between species; Chinook incurred high mortalities in 2008 and 2009, whereas coho was greatest in 2007 and 2008. As neither temperature nor parasite density can be easily manipulated, management strategies should focus on disrupting the overlap of this parasite and its obligate hosts to improve emigration success and survival of juvenile salmon in the Klamath River.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3395</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-2345</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1645/JP-GE-2737.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22746389</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOPAA2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lawrence, KS: American Society of Parasitologists</publisher><subject>Analysis of Variance ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; California ; Ceratomyxa shasta ; Fish Diseases - mortality ; Fish Diseases - parasitology ; Fresh water ecosystems ; Freshwater fishes ; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models ; Genotypes ; Infections ; Invertebrates ; Mortality ; Myxozoa - pathogenicity ; Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Oncorhynchus kisutch - parasitology ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; Parasite hosts ; Parasites ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal - mortality ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal - parasitology ; Pathogens ; Physiology ; River water ; Rivers ; Salmon ; Salmon - parasitology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Synecology ; Temperature ; Water temperature ; Young animals</subject><ispartof>The Journal of parasitology, 2012-06, Vol.98 (3), p.520-526</ispartof><rights>American Society of Parasitologists</rights><rights>American Society of Parasitologists 2012</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Publishing Services Jun 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b439t-36488eef2c5ec7ee11be29540c39c399283b1bf7446fdc8a4006f8c2d28d9ffb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b439t-36488eef2c5ec7ee11be29540c39c399283b1bf7446fdc8a4006f8c2d28d9ffb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41511232$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41511232$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,58593,58826</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26068133$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22746389$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ray, R. Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holt, Richard A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartholomew, Jerri L</creatorcontrib><title>Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids</title><title>The Journal of parasitology</title><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><description>Water temperature influences almost every biological and physiological process of salmon, including disease resistance. In the Klamath River (California), current thermal conditions are considered sub-optimal for juvenile salmon. In addition to borderline temperatures, these fish must contend with the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta, a significant cause of juvenile salmonid mortality in this system. This paper presents 2 studies, conducted from 2007 to 2010, that examine thermal effects on C. shasta–induced mortality in native Klamath River Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon. In each study, fish were exposed to C. shasta in the Klamath River for 72 hr and then reared in the laboratory under temperature-controlled conditions. The first study analyzed data collected from a multi-year monitoring project to asses the influence of elevated temperatures on parasite-induced mortality during the spring/summer migration period. The second study compared disease progression in both species at 4 temperatures (13, 15, 18, and 21 C) representative of spring/summer migration conditions. Both studies demonstrated that elevated water temperatures consistently resulted in higher mortality and faster mean days to death. However, analysis of data from the multi-year monitoring showed that the magnitude of this effect varied among years and was more closely associated with parasite density than with temperature. Also, there was a difference in the timing of peak mortality between species; Chinook incurred high mortalities in 2008 and 2009, whereas coho was greatest in 2007 and 2008. As neither temperature nor parasite density can be easily manipulated, management strategies should focus on disrupting the overlap of this parasite and its obligate hosts to improve emigration success and survival of juvenile salmon in the Klamath River.</description><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>California</subject><subject>Ceratomyxa shasta</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Fresh water ecosystems</subject><subject>Freshwater fishes</subject><subject>FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Models</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Myxozoa - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus kisutch</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus kisutch - parasitology</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</subject><subject>Parasite hosts</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic Diseases, Animal - mortality</subject><subject>Parasitic Diseases, Animal - parasitology</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>River water</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Salmon</subject><subject>Salmon - parasitology</subject><subject>Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Water temperature</subject><subject>Young animals</subject><issn>0022-3395</issn><issn>1937-2345</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0d2K1DAUB_Agiju7euetEhBBxK75aptc6jCOs664rOt1SdNTpkObzCbp6tz5Dr6hT2LqjCt4IUJCCP8fh3M4CD2i5JQWIn91dpEtFxkreXlK76AZVbzMGBf5XTQjhLGMc5UfoeMQNoSQPN376IixUhRcqhmCS-h17JwN626L30D8AmDxFQxb8DqOHrC2DZ5PHzfsvmoc1jpE_ePb95VtRgMN_uB81H0Xd3hl8fteDzqu8WV3Ax5_0v3gbNeEB-heq_sADw_vCfr8dnE1f5edf1yu5q_Ps1pwFTNeCCkBWmZyMCUApTUwlQtiuEpHMclrWrelEEXbGKkFIUUrDWuYbFTb1vwEPd_X3Xp3PUKI1dAFA32vLbgxVJQwSVhBKPkfypkSgvNEn_5FN270Ng0yqVJKxgua1Mu9Mt6F4KGttr4btN8lVE2bqs4uquWimjZVTfzJoehYD9Dc4t-rSeDZAehgdN96bU0X_riCFJL-6u7x3m1CdP42FzSnNI2Q8hf7vO6cs_Dvrn4Cu7Sy5g</recordid><startdate>20120601</startdate><enddate>20120601</enddate><creator>Ray, R. 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Adam</au><au>Holt, Richard A</au><au>Bartholomew, Jerri L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><date>2012-06-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>98</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>520</spage><epage>526</epage><pages>520-526</pages><issn>0022-3395</issn><eissn>1937-2345</eissn><coden>JOPAA2</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Water temperature influences almost every biological and physiological process of salmon, including disease resistance. In the Klamath River (California), current thermal conditions are considered sub-optimal for juvenile salmon. In addition to borderline temperatures, these fish must contend with the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta, a significant cause of juvenile salmonid mortality in this system. This paper presents 2 studies, conducted from 2007 to 2010, that examine thermal effects on C. shasta–induced mortality in native Klamath River Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon. In each study, fish were exposed to C. shasta in the Klamath River for 72 hr and then reared in the laboratory under temperature-controlled conditions. The first study analyzed data collected from a multi-year monitoring project to asses the influence of elevated temperatures on parasite-induced mortality during the spring/summer migration period. The second study compared disease progression in both species at 4 temperatures (13, 15, 18, and 21 C) representative of spring/summer migration conditions. Both studies demonstrated that elevated water temperatures consistently resulted in higher mortality and faster mean days to death. However, analysis of data from the multi-year monitoring showed that the magnitude of this effect varied among years and was more closely associated with parasite density than with temperature. Also, there was a difference in the timing of peak mortality between species; Chinook incurred high mortalities in 2008 and 2009, whereas coho was greatest in 2007 and 2008. As neither temperature nor parasite density can be easily manipulated, management strategies should focus on disrupting the overlap of this parasite and its obligate hosts to improve emigration success and survival of juvenile salmon in the Klamath River.</abstract><cop>Lawrence, KS</cop><pub>American Society of Parasitologists</pub><pmid>22746389</pmid><doi>10.1645/JP-GE-2737.1</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of parasitology, 2012-06, Vol.98 (3), p.520-526 |
| issn | 0022-3395 1937-2345 |
| language | eng |
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| source | JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection |
| subjects | Analysis of Variance Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Biological and medical sciences California Ceratomyxa shasta Fish Diseases - mortality Fish Diseases - parasitology Fresh water ecosystems Freshwater fishes FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models Genotypes Infections Invertebrates Mortality Myxozoa - pathogenicity Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus kisutch - parasitology Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Parasite hosts Parasites Parasitic Diseases, Animal - mortality Parasitic Diseases, Animal - parasitology Pathogens Physiology River water Rivers Salmon Salmon - parasitology Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms Synecology Temperature Water temperature Young animals |
| title | Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids |
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