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The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy
Abstract The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tai...
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| Published in: | Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2023-07, Vol.135 (1049), p.75001 |
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| container_issue | 1049 |
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| container_title | Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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| creator | Albert, Loïc Lafrenière, David Doyon, René Artigau, Étienne Volk, Kevin Goudfrooij, Paul Martel, André R. Radica, Michael Rowe, Jason Espinoza, Néstor Roy, Arpita Filippazzo, Joseph C. Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Talens, Geert Jan Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Willott, Chris J. Fullerton, Alexander W. LaMassa, Stephanie Hutchings, John B. Rowlands, Neil Begoña Vila, M. Zhou, Julia Aldridge, David Maszkiewicz, Michael Beaulieu, Mathilde Cook, Neil J. Piaulet, Caroline Roy, Pierre-Alexis Lamontagne, Pierrot Morel, Kim Frost, William Salhi, Salma Coulombe, Louis-Philippe Benneke, Björn MacDonald, Ryan J. Johnstone, Doug Turner, Jake D. Fournier-Tondreau, Marylou Allart, Romain Kaltenegger, Lisa |
| description | Abstract
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8
μ
m at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25
μ
m using a slitless cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as
J
= 6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2
μ
m. The first time series on the A-type star BD+60°1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on a 40 minute timescale after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/
f
noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of an HAT-P-14b transit time series indicates that it is difficult to remove all of the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. Overall, the SOSS delivers performance at the level required to tackle key exoplanetary science programs such as detecting secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets and measuring abundances of several chemical species in gas giants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1538-3873/acd7a3 |
| format | article |
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The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8
μ
m at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25
μ
m using a slitless cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as
J
= 6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2
μ
m. The first time series on the A-type star BD+60°1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on a 40 minute timescale after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/
f
noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of an HAT-P-14b transit time series indicates that it is difficult to remove all of the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. Overall, the SOSS delivers performance at the level required to tackle key exoplanetary science programs such as detecting secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets and measuring abundances of several chemical species in gas giants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-3873</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/acd7a3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The Astronomical Society of the Pacific</publisher><subject>Astronomical instrumentation ; Chemical speciation ; Exoplanet atmospheres ; Extrasolar planets ; Gas giant planets ; Infrared astronomy ; Noise ; Space telescopes ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Terrestrial planets ; Time series</subject><ispartof>Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2023-07, Vol.135 (1049), p.75001</ispartof><rights>2023. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP). All rights reserved</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP). All rights reserved. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). 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III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy</title><title>Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</title><addtitle>Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac</addtitle><description>Abstract
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8
μ
m at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25
μ
m using a slitless cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as
J
= 6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2
μ
m. The first time series on the A-type star BD+60°1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on a 40 minute timescale after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/
f
noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of an HAT-P-14b transit time series indicates that it is difficult to remove all of the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. 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III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy</title><author>Albert, Loïc ; Lafrenière, David ; Doyon, René ; Artigau, Étienne ; Volk, Kevin ; Goudfrooij, Paul ; Martel, André R. ; Radica, Michael ; Rowe, Jason ; Espinoza, Néstor ; Roy, Arpita ; Filippazzo, Joseph C. ; Darveau-Bernier, Antoine ; Talens, Geert Jan ; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand ; Willott, Chris J. ; Fullerton, Alexander W. ; LaMassa, Stephanie ; Hutchings, John B. ; Rowlands, Neil ; Begoña Vila, M. ; Zhou, Julia ; Aldridge, David ; Maszkiewicz, Michael ; Beaulieu, Mathilde ; Cook, Neil J. ; Piaulet, Caroline ; Roy, Pierre-Alexis ; Lamontagne, Pierrot ; Morel, Kim ; Frost, William ; Salhi, Salma ; Coulombe, Louis-Philippe ; Benneke, Björn ; MacDonald, Ryan J. ; Johnstone, Doug ; Turner, Jake D. ; Fournier-Tondreau, Marylou ; Allart, Romain ; Kaltenegger, Lisa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-6a5a44aeb225d540daa4a6731944bfbccc51906675cf943010fd89732454859a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Astronomical instrumentation</topic><topic>Chemical speciation</topic><topic>Exoplanet atmospheres</topic><topic>Extrasolar planets</topic><topic>Gas giant planets</topic><topic>Infrared astronomy</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Space telescopes</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Terrestrial planets</topic><topic>Time series</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Albert, Loïc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lafrenière, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doyon, René</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Artigau, Étienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Volk, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goudfrooij, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martel, André R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radica, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowe, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Espinoza, Néstor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Arpita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filippazzo, Joseph C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darveau-Bernier, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Talens, Geert Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivaramakrishnan, Anand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willott, Chris J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fullerton, Alexander W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LaMassa, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hutchings, John B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowlands, Neil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Begoña Vila, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aldridge, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maszkiewicz, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beaulieu, Mathilde</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cook, Neil J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piaulet, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Pierre-Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamontagne, Pierrot</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morel, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frost, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salhi, Salma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coulombe, Louis-Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benneke, Björn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacDonald, Ryan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnstone, Doug</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, Jake D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fournier-Tondreau, Marylou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allart, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaltenegger, Lisa</creatorcontrib><collection>Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><jtitle>Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Albert, Loïc</au><au>Lafrenière, David</au><au>Doyon, René</au><au>Artigau, Étienne</au><au>Volk, Kevin</au><au>Goudfrooij, Paul</au><au>Martel, André R.</au><au>Radica, Michael</au><au>Rowe, Jason</au><au>Espinoza, Néstor</au><au>Roy, Arpita</au><au>Filippazzo, Joseph C.</au><au>Darveau-Bernier, Antoine</au><au>Talens, Geert Jan</au><au>Sivaramakrishnan, Anand</au><au>Willott, Chris J.</au><au>Fullerton, Alexander W.</au><au>LaMassa, Stephanie</au><au>Hutchings, John B.</au><au>Rowlands, Neil</au><au>Begoña Vila, M.</au><au>Zhou, Julia</au><au>Aldridge, David</au><au>Maszkiewicz, Michael</au><au>Beaulieu, Mathilde</au><au>Cook, Neil J.</au><au>Piaulet, Caroline</au><au>Roy, Pierre-Alexis</au><au>Lamontagne, Pierrot</au><au>Morel, Kim</au><au>Frost, William</au><au>Salhi, Salma</au><au>Coulombe, Louis-Philippe</au><au>Benneke, Björn</au><au>MacDonald, Ryan J.</au><au>Johnstone, Doug</au><au>Turner, Jake D.</au><au>Fournier-Tondreau, Marylou</au><au>Allart, Romain</au><au>Kaltenegger, Lisa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy</atitle><jtitle>Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</jtitle><addtitle>Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac</addtitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>135</volume><issue>1049</issue><spage>75001</spage><pages>75001-</pages><issn>0004-6280</issn><eissn>1538-3873</eissn><notes>PASP-101506.R1</notes><abstract>Abstract
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8
μ
m at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25
μ
m using a slitless cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as
J
= 6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2
μ
m. The first time series on the A-type star BD+60°1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on a 40 minute timescale after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/
f
noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of an HAT-P-14b transit time series indicates that it is difficult to remove all of the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. Overall, the SOSS delivers performance at the level required to tackle key exoplanetary science programs such as detecting secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets and measuring abundances of several chemical species in gas giants.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia</cop><pub>The Astronomical Society of the Pacific</pub><doi>10.1088/1538-3873/acd7a3</doi><tpages>29</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2875-917X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-3520</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-1787</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-4675</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-4121</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-9759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-3469</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-5667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-1203</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-1802</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-1498</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-0453</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-735X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-4252</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-1427</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-8306</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-1569</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-3330</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-7964</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9513-1449</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-7924</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-459X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-8832</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-5775</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-2335</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-1865</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-7367</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-9375</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-7069</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-4124</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-0661</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0004-6280 |
| ispartof | Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2023-07, Vol.135 (1049), p.75001 |
| issn | 0004-6280 1538-3873 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Institute of Physics:Jisc Collections:IOP Publishing Read and Publish 2024-2025 (Reading List) |
| subjects | Astronomical instrumentation Chemical speciation Exoplanet atmospheres Extrasolar planets Gas giant planets Infrared astronomy Noise Space telescopes Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis Terrestrial planets Time series |
| title | The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy |
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