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Moisture absorption and spectroscopic studies of epoxy clay nanocomposite
Epoxy resins are prone to serious moisture absorption inspite of their inherent advantages, which can be mitigated by the incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay that provide tortuous path to flow of moisture. Moisture absorption studies of epoxy clay nanocomposites is carried out, to analyse the...
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| Published in: | Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany) Germany), 2022-07, Vol.79 (7), p.5587-5611 |
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| creator | Muralishwara, K. Sudhakar, Y. N. Kini, U. Achutha Sharma, Sathyashankara Gurumurthy, B. M. |
| description | Epoxy resins are prone to serious moisture absorption inspite of their inherent advantages, which can be mitigated by the incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay that provide tortuous path to flow of moisture. Moisture absorption studies of epoxy clay nanocomposites is carried out, to analyse the effect of nanoclay content, immersion media and immersion temperature. Nanocomposites prepared in 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt% using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication and neat epoxy specimen were immersed in distilled water and artificial seawater maintained at 28 and 38 °C till saturation. Fick’s and Langmuir’s models were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters from the water absorption graphs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) characterizations were performed. Diffusivity is least for nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% nanoclay at both temperatures in both medium. However, it is least when the medium is distilled water. As the temperature of immersion medium increases, the diffusivity also increases. Saturation moisture uptake increased with increase in nanoclay content, because of the residual hydrophilic nature of nanoclay. AFM and XRD analysis revealed better dispersion and exfoliated structure of nanoclay respectively at 0.5 wt% loading. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical bonds that helped in proposing the reaction mechanism of the nanocomposite synthesis. Spectra comparison of dry and wet specimens complimented the moisture absorption data by showing lower infrared transmittance in wet specimens. With Increase in nanoclay content, the transmittance decreased corresponding to increase in saturation moisture uptake for distilled water immersed specimens. SEM–EDX analysis distinguished between the cations entered from the artificial seawater and cations that were still present in the nanoclay. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00289-022-04200-7 |
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N. ; Kini, U. Achutha ; Sharma, Sathyashankara ; Gurumurthy, B. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Muralishwara, K. ; Sudhakar, Y. N. ; Kini, U. Achutha ; Sharma, Sathyashankara ; Gurumurthy, B. M.</creatorcontrib><description>Epoxy resins are prone to serious moisture absorption inspite of their inherent advantages, which can be mitigated by the incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay that provide tortuous path to flow of moisture. Moisture absorption studies of epoxy clay nanocomposites is carried out, to analyse the effect of nanoclay content, immersion media and immersion temperature. Nanocomposites prepared in 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt% using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication and neat epoxy specimen were immersed in distilled water and artificial seawater maintained at 28 and 38 °C till saturation. Fick’s and Langmuir’s models were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters from the water absorption graphs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) characterizations were performed. Diffusivity is least for nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% nanoclay at both temperatures in both medium. However, it is least when the medium is distilled water. As the temperature of immersion medium increases, the diffusivity also increases. Saturation moisture uptake increased with increase in nanoclay content, because of the residual hydrophilic nature of nanoclay. AFM and XRD analysis revealed better dispersion and exfoliated structure of nanoclay respectively at 0.5 wt% loading. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical bonds that helped in proposing the reaction mechanism of the nanocomposite synthesis. Spectra comparison of dry and wet specimens complimented the moisture absorption data by showing lower infrared transmittance in wet specimens. With Increase in nanoclay content, the transmittance decreased corresponding to increase in saturation moisture uptake for distilled water immersed specimens. SEM–EDX analysis distinguished between the cations entered from the artificial seawater and cations that were still present in the nanoclay.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0170-0839</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1436-2449</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04200-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Atomic force microscopy ; Cations ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemical bonds ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Clay ; Complex Fluids and Microfluidics ; Curing ; Diffusivity ; Dispersion ; Distilled water ; Epoxy resins ; Fourier transforms ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Microscopy ; Moisture ; Moisture absorption ; Montmorillonite ; Morphology ; Nanocomposites ; Organic Chemistry ; Original Paper ; Physical Chemistry ; Polymer Sciences ; Polymers ; Reaction mechanisms ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Seawater ; Soft and Granular Matter ; Spectrum analysis ; Submerging ; Temperature ; Transmittance ; Viscosity ; Water absorption ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany), 2022-07, Vol.79 (7), p.5587-5611</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. 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N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kini, U. Achutha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Sathyashankara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gurumurthy, B. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Moisture absorption and spectroscopic studies of epoxy clay nanocomposite</title><title>Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany)</title><addtitle>Polym. Bull</addtitle><description>Epoxy resins are prone to serious moisture absorption inspite of their inherent advantages, which can be mitigated by the incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay that provide tortuous path to flow of moisture. Moisture absorption studies of epoxy clay nanocomposites is carried out, to analyse the effect of nanoclay content, immersion media and immersion temperature. Nanocomposites prepared in 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt% using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication and neat epoxy specimen were immersed in distilled water and artificial seawater maintained at 28 and 38 °C till saturation. Fick’s and Langmuir’s models were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters from the water absorption graphs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) characterizations were performed. Diffusivity is least for nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% nanoclay at both temperatures in both medium. However, it is least when the medium is distilled water. As the temperature of immersion medium increases, the diffusivity also increases. Saturation moisture uptake increased with increase in nanoclay content, because of the residual hydrophilic nature of nanoclay. AFM and XRD analysis revealed better dispersion and exfoliated structure of nanoclay respectively at 0.5 wt% loading. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical bonds that helped in proposing the reaction mechanism of the nanocomposite synthesis. Spectra comparison of dry and wet specimens complimented the moisture absorption data by showing lower infrared transmittance in wet specimens. With Increase in nanoclay content, the transmittance decreased corresponding to increase in saturation moisture uptake for distilled water immersed specimens. SEM–EDX analysis distinguished between the cations entered from the artificial seawater and cations that were still present in the nanoclay.</description><subject>Atomic force microscopy</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical bonds</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Complex Fluids and Microfluidics</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Diffusivity</subject><subject>Dispersion</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Moisture</subject><subject>Moisture absorption</subject><subject>Montmorillonite</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Organic Chemistry</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Reaction mechanisms</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Soft and Granular Matter</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Submerging</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Transmittance</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><subject>Water absorption</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>0170-0839</issn><issn>1436-2449</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AU8Bz9FJ0jadoyx-LChe9BzSJJUuu01MuuD-e6MVvHkaBp73HeYh5JLDNQdQNxlAtMhACAaVAGDqiCx4JRsmqgqPyQK4AgatxFNylvMGyt40fEHWz2HI0z55arocUpyGMFIzOpqjt1MK2YY4WFoQN_hMQ099DJ8HarfmQEczBht2MeRh8ufkpDfb7C9-55K83d-9rh7Z08vDenX7xKxAOTE0FXprUNVKiqZxytWolOei5gZRNh1XtnOut0ZUYMG2vhPO1Q7Qo1Edl0tyNffGFD72Pk96E_ZpLCe1QK5aJZFDocRM2fJDTr7XMQ07kw6ag_5WpmdluijTP8q0KiE5h3KBx3ef_qr_SX0BzihvwQ</recordid><startdate>20220701</startdate><enddate>20220701</enddate><creator>Muralishwara, K.</creator><creator>Sudhakar, Y. 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Nanocomposites prepared in 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt% using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication and neat epoxy specimen were immersed in distilled water and artificial seawater maintained at 28 and 38 °C till saturation. Fick’s and Langmuir’s models were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters from the water absorption graphs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) characterizations were performed. Diffusivity is least for nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% nanoclay at both temperatures in both medium. However, it is least when the medium is distilled water. As the temperature of immersion medium increases, the diffusivity also increases. Saturation moisture uptake increased with increase in nanoclay content, because of the residual hydrophilic nature of nanoclay. AFM and XRD analysis revealed better dispersion and exfoliated structure of nanoclay respectively at 0.5 wt% loading. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical bonds that helped in proposing the reaction mechanism of the nanocomposite synthesis. Spectra comparison of dry and wet specimens complimented the moisture absorption data by showing lower infrared transmittance in wet specimens. With Increase in nanoclay content, the transmittance decreased corresponding to increase in saturation moisture uptake for distilled water immersed specimens. 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| subjects | Atomic force microscopy Cations Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical bonds Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Clay Complex Fluids and Microfluidics Curing Diffusivity Dispersion Distilled water Epoxy resins Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy Microscopy Moisture Moisture absorption Montmorillonite Morphology Nanocomposites Organic Chemistry Original Paper Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Polymers Reaction mechanisms Scanning electron microscopy Seawater Soft and Granular Matter Spectrum analysis Submerging Temperature Transmittance Viscosity Water absorption X-ray diffraction |
| title | Moisture absorption and spectroscopic studies of epoxy clay nanocomposite |
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