Phylogenomics, divergence time estimation, and adaptive evolution in the Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae)

Previous phylogenetic analyses indicated that Polygonoideae, the largest subfamily in the Polygonaceae, is monophyletic. Phylogenetic relationships within the Polygonoideae have been substantially controversial. We collected 160 samples representing all currently recognized tribes for a more compreh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of systematics and evolution : JSE 2023-11, Vol.61 (6), p.1004-1019
Main Authors: Cao, Dong‐Ling, Zhang, Xue‐Jie, Qu, Xiao‐Jian, Fan, Shou‐Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adaptive evolution
complete plastome
Cretaceous
Divergence
divergence time
Diversification
Eocene
Evolution
Evolution & development
Miocene
morphological characters
Morphology
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plastomes
Pollen
Polygonaceae
Polygonoideae
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Summary:Previous phylogenetic analyses indicated that Polygonoideae, the largest subfamily in the Polygonaceae, is monophyletic. Phylogenetic relationships within the Polygonoideae have been substantially controversial. We collected 160 samples representing all currently recognized tribes for a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily. Here, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of the Polygonoideae, inferred ancestral character states, and estimated the divergence time with a dense taxon sampling. This study corroborated and expanded previous results regarding the phylogenetic relationships of the Polygonoideae clade, and resolved the phylogenetic status of some controversial taxa by integrating molecular and morphological evidence. Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete plastomes suggested strong support for six primary clades that correspond to the most recent circumscription of tribes: Polygoneae, Rumiceae, Calligoneae, Pteroxygoneae, Fagopyreae, and Persicarieae. In addition, we provided further morphological data and assessed characters that supported different clades. The 3‐colpate pollen, 5‐parted perianth, and 3 styles were inferred to be the ancestral states of Polygonoideae. Divergence time estimation revealed that Polygonoideae originated around the late Cretaceous, and diversification was concentrated in the Eocene and Miocene. Time estimation indicated that the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the intensification of the Asian monsoons might be potential driving forces for the diversification of Polygonoideae. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the phylogeny and diversification of the Polygonoideae and highlights the adaptive evolution of the taxa. Our study represents the largest plastid phylogenomic investigation of the Polygonoideae and offers critically important insights into the deep phylogenetic relationships of Polygonaceae. In particular, we revealed that the rapid uplift of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the intensification of Asian monsoons were the driving forces in the origin and diversification of Polygonoideae species. Taken together, our study advances our understanding of the origin and diversification of Polygonoideae species and highlights the adaptive evolution of the taxa.
ISSN:1674-4918
1759-6831
DOI:10.1111/jse.12946