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Candida Cell Heterogeneity Measured With a Microwave Flow Cytometer
Heterogeneity is an important property of a cell population. It is an intrinsic driving force behind biological evolution and a main challenge for effective disease treatment, such as precision solid cancer therapy. Various "omics" methods, mass spectroscopy-based techniques, and flow cyto...
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| Published in: | IEEE journal of electromagnetics, RF and microwaves in medicine and biology RF and microwaves in medicine and biology, 2023-06, Vol.7 (2), p.152-159 |
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| container_end_page | 159 |
| container_issue | 2 |
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| container_title | IEEE journal of electromagnetics, RF and microwaves in medicine and biology |
| container_volume | 7 |
| creator | Dahal, Neelima Ehrett, Carl Osterberg, Jeffrey A. Divan, Ralu Wang, Pingshan |
| description | Heterogeneity is an important property of a cell population. It is an intrinsic driving force behind biological evolution and a main challenge for effective disease treatment, such as precision solid cancer therapy. Various "omics" methods, mass spectroscopy-based techniques, and flow cytometry have been developed for cell heterogeneity characterization. But current methods are either low throughput or invasive. In this work, we develop a simple microwave flow cytometer to measure single C. tropicalis and C. albicans , which are two of the most important Candida yeasts that cause candidemia disease. The obtained scatter plots of cell permittivity for both the species show a colinear relationship for cells of different volumes, which indicates a largely conserved cell molecular composition profile despite heterogeneous cell sizes. We also apply microwave flow cytometer to measure antifungal drug effect on C. tropicalis and C. albicans cell population and observe that drugs induce significant heterogeneity increase. The results show that microwave flow cytometry is a promising new method for high throughput and noninvasive characterization of cell heterogeneity. More work is needed, including the determination of biological significance of the observed microwave heterogeneity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JERM.2023.3239557 |
| format | article |
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It is an intrinsic driving force behind biological evolution and a main challenge for effective disease treatment, such as precision solid cancer therapy. Various "omics" methods, mass spectroscopy-based techniques, and flow cytometry have been developed for cell heterogeneity characterization. But current methods are either low throughput or invasive. In this work, we develop a simple microwave flow cytometer to measure single C. tropicalis and C. albicans , which are two of the most important Candida yeasts that cause candidemia disease. The obtained scatter plots of cell permittivity for both the species show a colinear relationship for cells of different volumes, which indicates a largely conserved cell molecular composition profile despite heterogeneous cell sizes. We also apply microwave flow cytometer to measure antifungal drug effect on C. tropicalis and C. albicans cell population and observe that drugs induce significant heterogeneity increase. The results show that microwave flow cytometry is a promising new method for high throughput and noninvasive characterization of cell heterogeneity. More work is needed, including the determination of biological significance of the observed microwave heterogeneity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2469-7249</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2469-7257</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3239557</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJERLV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Piscataway: IEEE</publisher><subject><![CDATA[<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> boldsymbol{candida\ yeast}</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> ; Biological evolution ; Cell heterogeneity ; Chemical composition ; Extraterrestrial measurements ; Flow cytometry ; Frequency measurement ; Fungicides ; Heterogeneity ; Microwave measurement ; microwave sensing ; Microwave theory and techniques ; permi- ttivity ; Permittivity ; Permittivity measurement ; Temperature measurement]]></subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of electromagnetics, RF and microwaves in medicine and biology, 2023-06, Vol.7 (2), p.152-159</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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It is an intrinsic driving force behind biological evolution and a main challenge for effective disease treatment, such as precision solid cancer therapy. Various "omics" methods, mass spectroscopy-based techniques, and flow cytometry have been developed for cell heterogeneity characterization. But current methods are either low throughput or invasive. In this work, we develop a simple microwave flow cytometer to measure single C. tropicalis and C. albicans , which are two of the most important Candida yeasts that cause candidemia disease. The obtained scatter plots of cell permittivity for both the species show a colinear relationship for cells of different volumes, which indicates a largely conserved cell molecular composition profile despite heterogeneous cell sizes. We also apply microwave flow cytometer to measure antifungal drug effect on C. tropicalis and C. albicans cell population and observe that drugs induce significant heterogeneity increase. The results show that microwave flow cytometry is a promising new method for high throughput and noninvasive characterization of cell heterogeneity. 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| subjects | <named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> boldsymbol{candida\ yeast}</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> Biological evolution Cell heterogeneity Chemical composition Extraterrestrial measurements Flow cytometry Frequency measurement Fungicides Heterogeneity Microwave measurement microwave sensing Microwave theory and techniques permi- ttivity Permittivity Permittivity measurement Temperature measurement |
| title | Candida Cell Heterogeneity Measured With a Microwave Flow Cytometer |
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