Dimensional Tuning in Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite for Solar Cells

Due to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) power conversion efficiency has rapidly grown to 25.7%. Nonetheless, lead poisoning is a significant hurdle to the deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tin is the most alternative with the most potential d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced energy materials 2023-04, Vol.13 (13), p.n/a
Main Authors: Zhao, Jinbo, Zhang, Zuhong, Li, Guixiang, Aldamasy, Mahmoud H., Li, Meng, Abate, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cations
Energy conversion efficiency
Interlayers
Lead content
Lead poisoning
lead‐free
Moisture effects
Optoelectronics
Oxidation
perovskite solar cells
Perovskites
Photovoltaic cells
quasi‐2D
Solar cells
stability
Tin
tin perovskites
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Summary:Due to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) power conversion efficiency has rapidly grown to 25.7%. Nonetheless, lead poisoning is a significant hurdle to the deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tin is the most alternative with the most potential due to its similar electric and electronic properties to lead and its less hazardous nature. Yet, the performance of Sn‐based PSCs lags significantly below that of Pb‐based PSCs due to the Sn (II)'s easy oxidation to Sn (IV). Incorporating large‐sized organic cations to form quasi‐two‐dimensional (2D) structured‐tin perovskites increases the stability of the PSC. In addition, the hydrophobic group of the quasi‐2D structure inhibits moisture and oxygen from penetrating the absorber layers. This review analyzes and evaluates the characteristics and performance of quasi‐2D Sn‐based perovskites such as Ruddlesden–Popper, Dion–Jacobson, and alternating cation interlayer (ACI). This work further proposes alternative strategies to improve the efficiency and stability of tin‐based PSCs, including constructing new mixed 2D/3D perovskite structures, enhancing the transmission capacity, novel organic cations, and fabricating new ACI perovskite structures and controlling perovskite strain. Tin‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) experience fast crystallization and spontaneous oxidation, which act as the dominant factors causing device efficiency deterioration. Such phenomena are found to be related to the inherent properties of tin. By constructing low‐dimensional structures, the resulting devices possess improved stability and performance, highlighting the challenges and the potential for replacing lead‐based perovskite.
ISSN:1614-6832
1614-6840
DOI:10.1002/aenm.202204233