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Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Questions Global climate change is predicted to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and composition of forests, particularly in mountain environments where climate exerts strong controls on tree community arrangement. The upslope movement of vegetation has been observed in association with w...
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| Published in: | Journal of vegetation science 2022-07, Vol.33 (4), p.n/a |
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| container_title | Journal of vegetation science |
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| creator | Blomdahl, Erika M. Speer, James H. Kaye, Margot Zampieri, Nicole E. Rochner, Maegen Currey, Bryce Alving, Denise Cahalan, Gabriel D. Hagedorn, Ben Li, Hang Oelkers, Rose Pelletier, Lissa Thapa, Ichchha Willson, Kevin Woodward, Brian D. DeRose, R. Justin |
| description | Questions
Global climate change is predicted to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and composition of forests, particularly in mountain environments where climate exerts strong controls on tree community arrangement. The upslope movement of vegetation has been observed in association with warming temperatures and is especially evident in ecotones—the transition zones between vegetation types. We explored the role of drought and tree mortality on recent changes in high‐elevation forests.
Location
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.
Methods
We established 19 forest demography plots along an elevational gradient spanning dominant high‐elevation vegetation types.
Results
Tree establishment dates indicated the upslope movement of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline and ecotone shift from meadow to forest starting in the 1950s. An expansion of the growing season likely contributed to the upward expansion of the treeline. Comparisons between overstory and understory tree composition suggested ongoing succession in the absence of fire at lower elevations, namely the replacement of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) by Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir). P. contorta seedlings were distributed at higher elevations than overstory trees of the same species, suggesting some potential for upslope movement with warming conditions; P. albicaulis seedlings, conversely, were distributed throughout all elevations of the transect. Significant tree mortality occurred in Pinus spp. and disproportionately affected P. albicaulis, as a result of a regional Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) outbreak (2008–2012). Mortality events were strongly associated with drier than average conditions 2–3 years prior to tree death.
Conclusion
Rising sensitivity to arid conditions in the mid‐20th century amid already dense, aging forests appears to have increased susceptibility to beetle‐induced mortality during the most recent drought. Tree species in the study area responded individually to global change stressors, which acted on these forests in complex ways and led to both ecotone shifts and stability. This work highlights the interplay between succession, forest disturbances and climate‐related growth responses in driving forest compositional change in subalpine and treeline environments.
We investigated tree species compositional change in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Using forest demography and tree‐ring data sampled along an elevational g |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jvs.13141 |
| format | article |
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Global climate change is predicted to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and composition of forests, particularly in mountain environments where climate exerts strong controls on tree community arrangement. The upslope movement of vegetation has been observed in association with warming temperatures and is especially evident in ecotones—the transition zones between vegetation types. We explored the role of drought and tree mortality on recent changes in high‐elevation forests.
Location
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.
Methods
We established 19 forest demography plots along an elevational gradient spanning dominant high‐elevation vegetation types.
Results
Tree establishment dates indicated the upslope movement of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline and ecotone shift from meadow to forest starting in the 1950s. An expansion of the growing season likely contributed to the upward expansion of the treeline. Comparisons between overstory and understory tree composition suggested ongoing succession in the absence of fire at lower elevations, namely the replacement of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) by Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir). P. contorta seedlings were distributed at higher elevations than overstory trees of the same species, suggesting some potential for upslope movement with warming conditions; P. albicaulis seedlings, conversely, were distributed throughout all elevations of the transect. Significant tree mortality occurred in Pinus spp. and disproportionately affected P. albicaulis, as a result of a regional Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) outbreak (2008–2012). Mortality events were strongly associated with drier than average conditions 2–3 years prior to tree death.
Conclusion
Rising sensitivity to arid conditions in the mid‐20th century amid already dense, aging forests appears to have increased susceptibility to beetle‐induced mortality during the most recent drought. Tree species in the study area responded individually to global change stressors, which acted on these forests in complex ways and led to both ecotone shifts and stability. This work highlights the interplay between succession, forest disturbances and climate‐related growth responses in driving forest compositional change in subalpine and treeline environments.
We investigated tree species compositional change in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Using forest demography and tree‐ring data sampled along an elevational gradient, we show the upslope movement of the Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline starting in the 1950s and disproportionate mortality of P. albicaulis relative to Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine). Observed compositional changes were mediated by climate‐related stressors, bark beetle outbreak, and successional processes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1100-9233</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1654-1103</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13141</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Abies lasiocarpa ; Aging ; Aridity ; Beetles ; Climate change ; Climate prediction ; Composition ; Demography ; dendrochronology ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Drought ; ecotone shift ; Ecotones ; Elevation ; Forest ecosystems ; Forests ; Growing season ; Mortality ; Mountain environments ; mountain pine beetle ; Pest outbreaks ; Pine ; Pine trees ; Pinus albicaulis ; Pinus contorta ; Plant species ; Seedlings ; Transition zone ; Treeline ; Understory ; Vegetation ; whitebark pine</subject><ispartof>Journal of vegetation science, 2022-07, Vol.33 (4), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2022 International Association for Vegetation Science.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 International Association for Vegetation Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2571-8958aadcf841d3056469b526bdd638a28c4ecda3b29b7dff9bb66afdbfa029693</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1990-9153 ; 0000-0001-9794-9906 ; 0000-0003-3445-4900 ; 0000-0002-4869-7228 ; 0000-0003-1188-0552 ; 0000-0001-9233-0557 ; 0000-0002-2340-5428 ; 0000-0002-0348-9812 ; 0000-0002-2614-821X ; 0000-0002-4849-7744</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjvs.13141$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjvs.13141$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,50923,51032</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blomdahl, Erika M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speer, James H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaye, Margot</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zampieri, Nicole E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rochner, Maegen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Currey, Bryce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alving, Denise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cahalan, Gabriel D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagedorn, Ben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oelkers, Rose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelletier, Lissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapa, Ichchha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willson, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woodward, Brian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeRose, R. Justin</creatorcontrib><title>Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem</title><title>Journal of vegetation science</title><description>Questions
Global climate change is predicted to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and composition of forests, particularly in mountain environments where climate exerts strong controls on tree community arrangement. The upslope movement of vegetation has been observed in association with warming temperatures and is especially evident in ecotones—the transition zones between vegetation types. We explored the role of drought and tree mortality on recent changes in high‐elevation forests.
Location
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.
Methods
We established 19 forest demography plots along an elevational gradient spanning dominant high‐elevation vegetation types.
Results
Tree establishment dates indicated the upslope movement of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline and ecotone shift from meadow to forest starting in the 1950s. An expansion of the growing season likely contributed to the upward expansion of the treeline. Comparisons between overstory and understory tree composition suggested ongoing succession in the absence of fire at lower elevations, namely the replacement of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) by Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir). P. contorta seedlings were distributed at higher elevations than overstory trees of the same species, suggesting some potential for upslope movement with warming conditions; P. albicaulis seedlings, conversely, were distributed throughout all elevations of the transect. Significant tree mortality occurred in Pinus spp. and disproportionately affected P. albicaulis, as a result of a regional Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) outbreak (2008–2012). Mortality events were strongly associated with drier than average conditions 2–3 years prior to tree death.
Conclusion
Rising sensitivity to arid conditions in the mid‐20th century amid already dense, aging forests appears to have increased susceptibility to beetle‐induced mortality during the most recent drought. Tree species in the study area responded individually to global change stressors, which acted on these forests in complex ways and led to both ecotone shifts and stability. This work highlights the interplay between succession, forest disturbances and climate‐related growth responses in driving forest compositional change in subalpine and treeline environments.
We investigated tree species compositional change in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Using forest demography and tree‐ring data sampled along an elevational gradient, we show the upslope movement of the Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline starting in the 1950s and disproportionate mortality of P. albicaulis relative to Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine). Observed compositional changes were mediated by climate‐related stressors, bark beetle outbreak, and successional processes.</description><subject>Abies lasiocarpa</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Aridity</subject><subject>Beetles</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate prediction</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>dendrochronology</subject><subject>Dendroctonus ponderosae</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>ecotone shift</subject><subject>Ecotones</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Forest ecosystems</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mountain environments</subject><subject>mountain pine beetle</subject><subject>Pest outbreaks</subject><subject>Pine</subject><subject>Pine trees</subject><subject>Pinus albicaulis</subject><subject>Pinus contorta</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Transition zone</subject><subject>Treeline</subject><subject>Understory</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>whitebark pine</subject><issn>1100-9233</issn><issn>1654-1103</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kD1PwzAQhi0EEqUw8A8sMTGk9cWJEw8MqJQCqsTAh8Rk-ZOmSuNip63y7wmElVvuhufuXj0IXQKZQF_T9T5OgEIGR2gELM8SAEKP-xkISXhK6Sk6i3FNCBScwQjd3IVqb0PE3mHng40t1ivZfFpcNbhdWbwIVrY24A9b1_4QW99YPNc-drG1m3N04mQd7cVfH6O3-_nr7CFZPi8eZ7fLRKd5AUnJ81JKo12ZgaEkZxnjKk-ZMobRUqalzqw2kqqUq8I4x5ViTDqjnCQpZ5yO0dVwdxv8164PKdZ-F5r-pUgLUmRFSUvoqeuB0sHHGKwT21BtZOgEEPFjR_R2xK-dnp0O7KGqbfc_KJ7eX4aNb3CoZlI</recordid><startdate>202207</startdate><enddate>202207</enddate><creator>Blomdahl, Erika M.</creator><creator>Speer, James H.</creator><creator>Kaye, Margot</creator><creator>Zampieri, Nicole E.</creator><creator>Rochner, Maegen</creator><creator>Currey, Bryce</creator><creator>Alving, Denise</creator><creator>Cahalan, Gabriel D.</creator><creator>Hagedorn, Ben</creator><creator>Li, Hang</creator><creator>Oelkers, Rose</creator><creator>Pelletier, Lissa</creator><creator>Thapa, Ichchha</creator><creator>Willson, Kevin</creator><creator>Woodward, Brian D.</creator><creator>DeRose, R. Justin</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1990-9153</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-9906</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4900</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-7228</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1188-0552</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-0557</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-5428</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-9812</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-821X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-7744</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202207</creationdate><title>Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem</title><author>Blomdahl, Erika M. ; Speer, James H. ; Kaye, Margot ; Zampieri, Nicole E. ; Rochner, Maegen ; Currey, Bryce ; Alving, Denise ; Cahalan, Gabriel D. ; Hagedorn, Ben ; Li, Hang ; Oelkers, Rose ; Pelletier, Lissa ; Thapa, Ichchha ; Willson, Kevin ; Woodward, Brian D. ; DeRose, R. Justin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2571-8958aadcf841d3056469b526bdd638a28c4ecda3b29b7dff9bb66afdbfa029693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Abies lasiocarpa</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Aridity</topic><topic>Beetles</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate prediction</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>dendrochronology</topic><topic>Dendroctonus ponderosae</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>ecotone shift</topic><topic>Ecotones</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Forest ecosystems</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>Growing season</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mountain environments</topic><topic>mountain pine beetle</topic><topic>Pest outbreaks</topic><topic>Pine</topic><topic>Pine trees</topic><topic>Pinus albicaulis</topic><topic>Pinus contorta</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>Transition zone</topic><topic>Treeline</topic><topic>Understory</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>whitebark pine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blomdahl, Erika M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speer, James H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaye, Margot</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zampieri, Nicole E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rochner, Maegen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Currey, Bryce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alving, Denise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cahalan, Gabriel D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagedorn, Ben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oelkers, Rose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelletier, Lissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapa, Ichchha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willson, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woodward, Brian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeRose, R. Justin</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of vegetation science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blomdahl, Erika M.</au><au>Speer, James H.</au><au>Kaye, Margot</au><au>Zampieri, Nicole E.</au><au>Rochner, Maegen</au><au>Currey, Bryce</au><au>Alving, Denise</au><au>Cahalan, Gabriel D.</au><au>Hagedorn, Ben</au><au>Li, Hang</au><au>Oelkers, Rose</au><au>Pelletier, Lissa</au><au>Thapa, Ichchha</au><au>Willson, Kevin</au><au>Woodward, Brian D.</au><au>DeRose, R. Justin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem</atitle><jtitle>Journal of vegetation science</jtitle><date>2022-07</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>1100-9233</issn><eissn>1654-1103</eissn><notes>Co‐ordinating Editor: Antonio Gazol</notes><abstract>Questions
Global climate change is predicted to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and composition of forests, particularly in mountain environments where climate exerts strong controls on tree community arrangement. The upslope movement of vegetation has been observed in association with warming temperatures and is especially evident in ecotones—the transition zones between vegetation types. We explored the role of drought and tree mortality on recent changes in high‐elevation forests.
Location
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.
Methods
We established 19 forest demography plots along an elevational gradient spanning dominant high‐elevation vegetation types.
Results
Tree establishment dates indicated the upslope movement of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline and ecotone shift from meadow to forest starting in the 1950s. An expansion of the growing season likely contributed to the upward expansion of the treeline. Comparisons between overstory and understory tree composition suggested ongoing succession in the absence of fire at lower elevations, namely the replacement of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) by Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir). P. contorta seedlings were distributed at higher elevations than overstory trees of the same species, suggesting some potential for upslope movement with warming conditions; P. albicaulis seedlings, conversely, were distributed throughout all elevations of the transect. Significant tree mortality occurred in Pinus spp. and disproportionately affected P. albicaulis, as a result of a regional Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) outbreak (2008–2012). Mortality events were strongly associated with drier than average conditions 2–3 years prior to tree death.
Conclusion
Rising sensitivity to arid conditions in the mid‐20th century amid already dense, aging forests appears to have increased susceptibility to beetle‐induced mortality during the most recent drought. Tree species in the study area responded individually to global change stressors, which acted on these forests in complex ways and led to both ecotone shifts and stability. This work highlights the interplay between succession, forest disturbances and climate‐related growth responses in driving forest compositional change in subalpine and treeline environments.
We investigated tree species compositional change in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Using forest demography and tree‐ring data sampled along an elevational gradient, we show the upslope movement of the Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline starting in the 1950s and disproportionate mortality of P. albicaulis relative to Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine). Observed compositional changes were mediated by climate‐related stressors, bark beetle outbreak, and successional processes.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/jvs.13141</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1990-9153</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-9906</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4900</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-7228</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1188-0552</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-0557</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-5428</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-9812</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-821X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-7744</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1100-9233 |
| ispartof | Journal of vegetation science, 2022-07, Vol.33 (4), p.n/a |
| issn | 1100-9233 1654-1103 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2707478381 |
| source | Wiley |
| subjects | Abies lasiocarpa Aging Aridity Beetles Climate change Climate prediction Composition Demography dendrochronology Dendroctonus ponderosae Drought ecotone shift Ecotones Elevation Forest ecosystems Forests Growing season Mortality Mountain environments mountain pine beetle Pest outbreaks Pine Pine trees Pinus albicaulis Pinus contorta Plant species Seedlings Transition zone Treeline Understory Vegetation whitebark pine |
| title | Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem |
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