Democracy and second-order cybernetics: the ascent of participation and creativity

An exceptional chain of events in science, technology, art and planning took place in Latin America in the 1970s. Does this wonder shed light upon our view of the basic roots of cultural, social and political blooming? This paper intends to adduce evidence on second-order cybernetics processes under...

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Published in:	AI & society 2022-09, Vol.37 (3), p.1153-1162
Main Author:	Figueiredo, Carlos Senna
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Artificial Intelligence Autonomy Cognition Computer Science Control Creative ability Creativity Cybernetics Democracy Engineering Economics Indigenous peoples Logistics Marketing Mechatronics Methodology of the Social Sciences Organization Original Article Performing Arts Robotics Roots
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title	Democracy and second-order cybernetics: the ascent of participation and creativity
format	Article
creator	Figueiredo, Carlos Senna
subjects	Artificial Intelligence Autonomy Cognition Computer Science Control Creative ability Creativity Cybernetics Democracy Engineering Economics Indigenous peoples Logistics Marketing Mechatronics Methodology of the Social Sciences Organization Original Article Performing Arts Robotics Roots
ispartof	AI & society, 2022-09, Vol.37 (3), p.1153-1162
description	An exceptional chain of events in science, technology, art and planning took place in Latin America in the 1970s. Does this wonder shed light upon our view of the basic roots of cultural, social and political blooming? This paper intends to adduce evidence on second-order cybernetics processes underlying five outstanding cases in real societies and to disclose the links between democracy and unfettering momentum for freedom and creativity. Namely, Oscar Varsavsky, national projects, styles of development, scientific and technological autonomy; Stefano Varese, cultural and political autonomy of indigenous people; Mario Pedrosa, creation of the Museum of Solidarity in Chile; Stafford Beer, Cybersyn project for cybernetics and self-management in Chile; and Humberto Maturana, concepts of autopoiesis, cognition, language and multiverse. The reasoning counts with the author's direct participation in all cases. The paper sets a similarity worthy of being noticed between Allende’s Unidad Popular in Chile and Pericles’ Golden Age in Greece and outlines why these historic realms albeit far apart have lasting importance and similar historical impetus. Highlights the essential and seminal features of each stream and comes to the conclusion that effective democracy is the necessary condition for participation and creativity. Upsurges in social participation and creativity are neither frequent nor cyclical. Still, such sudden and usually large increase in ingenuity, flair and aim to improve living conditions, although limited in time, remain in our mind as a joy forever. Nowadays, the world witnesses a contrary motion towards sterile art patterns and restrained behaviour. Hence, it becomes even more important to better understand the basic roots of cultural, social and political blooming.
language	eng
source	Springer LINK Contemporary; Alma/SFX Local Collection
identifier	ISSN: 0951-5666
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issn	0951-5666 1435-5655
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