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Evolution of the Microstructure of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti-6Al-4V During Post-Build Heat Treatment
The microstructure of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) produced by a laser powder bed fusion process was studied during post-build heat treatments between 1043 K (770 °C) and just above the β transus temperature 1241 K (1008 °C) in situ using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Parallel studies o...
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| Published in: | Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2021-12, Vol.52 (12), p.5165-5181 |
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| creator | Brown, D. W. Anghel, V. Balogh, L. Clausen, B. Johnson, N. S. Martinez, R. M. Pagan, D. C. Rafailov, G. Ravkov, L. Strantza, M. Zepeda-Alarcon, E. |
| description | The microstructure of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) produced by a laser powder bed fusion process was studied during post-build heat treatments between 1043 K (770 °C) and just above the
β
transus temperature 1241 K (1008 °C)
in situ
using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Parallel studies on traditionally manufactured wrought and annealed Ti64 were completed as a baseline comparison. The initial and final grain structures were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction. Likewise, the initial texture, dislocation density, and final texture were determined with X-ray diffraction. The evolution of the microstructure, including the phase evolution, internal stress, qualitative dislocation density, and vanadium distribution between the constituent phases were monitored with
in situ
X-ray diffraction. The as-built powder bed fusion material was single-phase hexagonal close packed (to the measurement resolution) with a fine acicular grain structure and exhibited a high dislocation density and intergranular residual stress. Recovery of the high dislocation density and annealing of the internal stress were observed to initiate concurrently at a relatively low temperature of 770 K (497 °C). Transformation to the
β
phase initiated at roughly 913 K (640 °C), after recovery had occurred. These results are meant to be used to design post-build heat treatments resulting in specified microstructures and properties. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11661-021-06455-7 |
| format | article |
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β
transus temperature 1241 K (1008 °C)
in situ
using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Parallel studies on traditionally manufactured wrought and annealed Ti64 were completed as a baseline comparison. The initial and final grain structures were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction. Likewise, the initial texture, dislocation density, and final texture were determined with X-ray diffraction. The evolution of the microstructure, including the phase evolution, internal stress, qualitative dislocation density, and vanadium distribution between the constituent phases were monitored with
in situ
X-ray diffraction. The as-built powder bed fusion material was single-phase hexagonal close packed (to the measurement resolution) with a fine acicular grain structure and exhibited a high dislocation density and intergranular residual stress. Recovery of the high dislocation density and annealing of the internal stress were observed to initiate concurrently at a relatively low temperature of 770 K (497 °C). Transformation to the
β
phase initiated at roughly 913 K (640 °C), after recovery had occurred. These results are meant to be used to design post-build heat treatments resulting in specified microstructures and properties.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1073-5623</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-1940</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11661-021-06455-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Acicular structure ; Annealing ; Beta phase ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Dislocation density ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Evolution ; Grain structure ; Heat treating ; Heat treatment ; Low temperature ; Materials Science ; Metallic Materials ; Microstructure ; Nanotechnology ; Original Research Article ; Powder beds ; Recovery ; Residual stress ; Structural Materials ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Texture ; Thin Films ; Titanium base alloys ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2021-12, Vol.52 (12), p.5165-5181</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2021</rights><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-9fc9f5c2776e9e86f3cdfed7234eb7bcf81f44d14c50886e84b3dd9b3db03e263</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-9fc9f5c2776e9e86f3cdfed7234eb7bcf81f44d14c50886e84b3dd9b3db03e263</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Brown, D. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anghel, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balogh, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clausen, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, N. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, R. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pagan, D. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafailov, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ravkov, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strantza, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zepeda-Alarcon, E.</creatorcontrib><title>Evolution of the Microstructure of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti-6Al-4V During Post-Build Heat Treatment</title><title>Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science</title><addtitle>Metall Mater Trans A</addtitle><description>The microstructure of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) produced by a laser powder bed fusion process was studied during post-build heat treatments between 1043 K (770 °C) and just above the
β
transus temperature 1241 K (1008 °C)
in situ
using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Parallel studies on traditionally manufactured wrought and annealed Ti64 were completed as a baseline comparison. The initial and final grain structures were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction. Likewise, the initial texture, dislocation density, and final texture were determined with X-ray diffraction. The evolution of the microstructure, including the phase evolution, internal stress, qualitative dislocation density, and vanadium distribution between the constituent phases were monitored with
in situ
X-ray diffraction. The as-built powder bed fusion material was single-phase hexagonal close packed (to the measurement resolution) with a fine acicular grain structure and exhibited a high dislocation density and intergranular residual stress. Recovery of the high dislocation density and annealing of the internal stress were observed to initiate concurrently at a relatively low temperature of 770 K (497 °C). Transformation to the
β
phase initiated at roughly 913 K (640 °C), after recovery had occurred. These results are meant to be used to design post-build heat treatments resulting in specified microstructures and properties.</description><subject>Acicular structure</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Beta phase</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Dislocation density</subject><subject>Electron backscatter diffraction</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Grain structure</subject><subject>Heat treating</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Original Research Article</subject><subject>Powder beds</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Residual stress</subject><subject>Structural Materials</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Texture</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Titanium base alloys</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>1073-5623</issn><issn>1543-1940</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UMtOwzAQtBBIlMIPcLLE2WDHjh0f29JSpCI4FK5WHmtIlSbFdkD8PQ5B4sZhd1armV3NIHTJ6DWjVN14xqRkhCaxpEhToo7QhKWCE6YFPY4zVZykMuGn6Mz7HaWUaS4nCJYfXdOHumtxZ3F4A_xQl67zwfVl6B0M203uweGn7rOKMIcKr3o_CLY1kbOGiBd827u6fY0UH8i8r5sKryEPeOti30MbztGJzRsPF784Rc-r5XaxJpvHu_vFbENKLnkg2pbapmWilAQNmbS8rCxUKuECClWUNmNWiIqJMqVZJiETBa8qHVtBOSSST9HVePfguvcefDC7rndtfGmSVEumsozqyEpG1mDUO7Dm4Op97r4Mo2aI04xxmhin-YnTqCjio8gfBq_g_k7_o_oGOdF38g</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Brown, D. 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W. ; Anghel, V. ; Balogh, L. ; Clausen, B. ; Johnson, N. S. ; Martinez, R. M. ; Pagan, D. 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A, Physical metallurgy and materials science</jtitle><stitle>Metall Mater Trans A</stitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>5165</spage><epage>5181</epage><pages>5165-5181</pages><issn>1073-5623</issn><eissn>1543-1940</eissn><abstract>The microstructure of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) produced by a laser powder bed fusion process was studied during post-build heat treatments between 1043 K (770 °C) and just above the
β
transus temperature 1241 K (1008 °C)
in situ
using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Parallel studies on traditionally manufactured wrought and annealed Ti64 were completed as a baseline comparison. The initial and final grain structures were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction. Likewise, the initial texture, dislocation density, and final texture were determined with X-ray diffraction. The evolution of the microstructure, including the phase evolution, internal stress, qualitative dislocation density, and vanadium distribution between the constituent phases were monitored with
in situ
X-ray diffraction. The as-built powder bed fusion material was single-phase hexagonal close packed (to the measurement resolution) with a fine acicular grain structure and exhibited a high dislocation density and intergranular residual stress. Recovery of the high dislocation density and annealing of the internal stress were observed to initiate concurrently at a relatively low temperature of 770 K (497 °C). Transformation to the
β
phase initiated at roughly 913 K (640 °C), after recovery had occurred. These results are meant to be used to design post-build heat treatments resulting in specified microstructures and properties.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11661-021-06455-7</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2021-12, Vol.52 (12), p.5165-5181 |
| issn | 1073-5623 1543-1940 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Acicular structure Annealing Beta phase Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Dislocation density Electron backscatter diffraction Evolution Grain structure Heat treating Heat treatment Low temperature Materials Science Metallic Materials Microstructure Nanotechnology Original Research Article Powder beds Recovery Residual stress Structural Materials Surfaces and Interfaces Texture Thin Films Titanium base alloys X-ray diffraction |
| title | Evolution of the Microstructure of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti-6Al-4V During Post-Build Heat Treatment |
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