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The probing behaviour of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two alternating hosts, maize and oat
Delphacodes kuscheli is the most important natural vector of Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) in Argentina, a Fijivirus (Reoviridae) that causes important economic losses on maize production. Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate...
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Published in: | Austral entomology 2019-08, Vol.58 (3), p.666-674 |
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description | Delphacodes kuscheli is the most important natural vector of Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) in Argentina, a Fijivirus (Reoviridae) that causes important economic losses on maize production. Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate from oat, a winter host and a reservoir of the virus, to maize. Probing behaviour on both hosts was recorded and analysed using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) system. Eight main waveforms were identified during probing behaviour by D. kuscheli. These waveforms were interpreted with reference to that described for delphacids and were related to putative probing activities: np (non‐penetration or non‐probe); N1, N2 and N3 (stylet pathway: penetration, salivation, stylet movement and extracellular activities near the phloem region); N4‐a (sieve element salivation); N4‐b (phloem sap ingestion); N5 (xylem activity); and N6 (derailed stylet mechanics). The EPG variables showed that on maize, D. kuscheli exhibited longer periods of non‐probe and longer time from first probe to first phloem activity, with a higher percentage of probing spent in stylet pathway and xylem phase than on oat. Furthermore, on maize, fewer insects showed phloem phase activities (N4‐a and N4‐b) and sustained phloem ingestion than on oat, and the time on phloem ingestion was shorter than on oat. The constrained behaviour of D. kuscheli on maize suggests that plant resistance factors may be involved. |
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Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate from oat, a winter host and a reservoir of the virus, to maize. Probing behaviour on both hosts was recorded and analysed using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) system. Eight main waveforms were identified during probing behaviour by D. kuscheli. These waveforms were interpreted with reference to that described for delphacids and were related to putative probing activities: np (non‐penetration or non‐probe); N1, N2 and N3 (stylet pathway: penetration, salivation, stylet movement and extracellular activities near the phloem region); N4‐a (sieve element salivation); N4‐b (phloem sap ingestion); N5 (xylem activity); and N6 (derailed stylet mechanics). The EPG variables showed that on maize, D. kuscheli exhibited longer periods of non‐probe and longer time from first probe to first phloem activity, with a higher percentage of probing spent in stylet pathway and xylem phase than on oat. Furthermore, on maize, fewer insects showed phloem phase activities (N4‐a and N4‐b) and sustained phloem ingestion than on oat, and the time on phloem ingestion was shorter than on oat. 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Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate from oat, a winter host and a reservoir of the virus, to maize. Probing behaviour on both hosts was recorded and analysed using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) system. Eight main waveforms were identified during probing behaviour by D. kuscheli. These waveforms were interpreted with reference to that described for delphacids and were related to putative probing activities: np (non‐penetration or non‐probe); N1, N2 and N3 (stylet pathway: penetration, salivation, stylet movement and extracellular activities near the phloem region); N4‐a (sieve element salivation); N4‐b (phloem sap ingestion); N5 (xylem activity); and N6 (derailed stylet mechanics). The EPG variables showed that on maize, D. kuscheli exhibited longer periods of non‐probe and longer time from first probe to first phloem activity, with a higher percentage of probing spent in stylet pathway and xylem phase than on oat. Furthermore, on maize, fewer insects showed phloem phase activities (N4‐a and N4‐b) and sustained phloem ingestion than on oat, and the time on phloem ingestion was shorter than on oat. The constrained behaviour of D. kuscheli on maize suggests that plant resistance factors may be involved.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Delphacodes</subject><subject>Direct current</subject><subject>Economic impact</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>EPG technique</subject><subject>Extracellular</subject><subject>feeding</subject><subject>Hosts</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Mechanics</subject><subject>MRCV</subject><subject>Penetration</subject><subject>Pest resistance</subject><subject>Phloem</subject><subject>Plant breeding</subject><subject>Plant resistance</subject><subject>resistance</subject><subject>Resistance factors</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><subject>Xylem</subject><issn>2052-174X</issn><issn>2052-1758</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kEFLw0AQhYMoWGoP_oMFLxZMm91ku4m3UqsVil4qeAuzm4lJTbNxN7XUg7_drVFvzmUG3jdvmOd55zQYUVdjwHpEWRiHR16PBZz5VPD4-G-Onk-9gbXrIAgo41wI3vM-VwWSxmhZ1i9EYgHvpd4aonPSHoQK6rbQTYOG3GDVFKB0hpa8bq0qsCrJ5QI3ZdOigetfoMwAh0TXpN1pApXTamgP7oW2rb0iGyg_kECdEQ3tmXeSQ2Vx8NP73tPtfDVb-MvHu_vZdOkrlojQByUggJzmGQ0kijBnMZUyA5FlKookT4SQXCGilBwmcawYqDyKJ3mcMaDAw7530fm6V9-2aNt07d6s3cmUOS8xSUKROGrYUcpoaw3maWPKDZh9SoP0kHDqEk6_E3bsuGN3ZYX7_8F0On_oNr4A2At_ZA</recordid><startdate>201908</startdate><enddate>201908</enddate><creator>Brentassi, María E</creator><creator>Machado‐Assefh, Cristina R</creator><creator>Alvarez, Adriana E</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-9949</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201908</creationdate><title>The probing behaviour of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two alternating hosts, maize and oat</title><author>Brentassi, María E ; Machado‐Assefh, Cristina R ; Alvarez, Adriana E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2973-ac7a0af1fd10be73f281bbda7ddc44b5977b5ceeebb5a688c2acf486f8d2a1a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Delphacodes</topic><topic>Direct current</topic><topic>Economic impact</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>EPG technique</topic><topic>Extracellular</topic><topic>feeding</topic><topic>Hosts</topic><topic>Ingestion</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Mechanics</topic><topic>MRCV</topic><topic>Penetration</topic><topic>Pest resistance</topic><topic>Phloem</topic><topic>Plant breeding</topic><topic>Plant resistance</topic><topic>resistance</topic><topic>Resistance factors</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Waveforms</topic><topic>Xylem</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Brentassi, María E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado‐Assefh, Cristina R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez, Adriana E</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Austral entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brentassi, María E</au><au>Machado‐Assefh, Cristina R</au><au>Alvarez, Adriana E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The probing behaviour of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two alternating hosts, maize and oat</atitle><jtitle>Austral entomology</jtitle><date>2019-08</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>666</spage><epage>674</epage><pages>666-674</pages><issn>2052-174X</issn><eissn>2052-1758</eissn><abstract>Delphacodes kuscheli is the most important natural vector of Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) in Argentina, a Fijivirus (Reoviridae) that causes important economic losses on maize production. Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate from oat, a winter host and a reservoir of the virus, to maize. Probing behaviour on both hosts was recorded and analysed using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) system. Eight main waveforms were identified during probing behaviour by D. kuscheli. These waveforms were interpreted with reference to that described for delphacids and were related to putative probing activities: np (non‐penetration or non‐probe); N1, N2 and N3 (stylet pathway: penetration, salivation, stylet movement and extracellular activities near the phloem region); N4‐a (sieve element salivation); N4‐b (phloem sap ingestion); N5 (xylem activity); and N6 (derailed stylet mechanics). The EPG variables showed that on maize, D. kuscheli exhibited longer periods of non‐probe and longer time from first probe to first phloem activity, with a higher percentage of probing spent in stylet pathway and xylem phase than on oat. Furthermore, on maize, fewer insects showed phloem phase activities (N4‐a and N4‐b) and sustained phloem ingestion than on oat, and the time on phloem ingestion was shorter than on oat. The constrained behaviour of D. kuscheli on maize suggests that plant resistance factors may be involved.</abstract><cop>Canberra</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/aen.12383</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-9949</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural production Corn Delphacodes Direct current Economic impact Economics EPG technique Extracellular feeding Hosts Ingestion Insects Mechanics MRCV Penetration Pest resistance Phloem Plant breeding Plant resistance resistance Resistance factors Viruses Waveforms Xylem |
title | The probing behaviour of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two alternating hosts, maize and oat |
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