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Biogeochemical Model for Soil Improvement by Denitrification
AbstractA biogeochemical model describing the rate at which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is precipitated from the pore water and biogas (carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas) is generated by dissimilatory reduction of nitrate (denitrification) through microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP...
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| Published in: | Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering 2019-11, Vol.145 (11) |
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| container_title | Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering |
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| creator | O’Donnell, Sean T Hall, Caitlyn A Kavazanjian, Edward Rittmann, Bruce E |
| description | AbstractA biogeochemical model describing the rate at which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is precipitated from the pore water and biogas (carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas) is generated by dissimilatory reduction of nitrate (denitrification) through microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) has been developed. Both CaCO3 precipitation and desaturation via biogas formation can improve the static and cyclic mechanical properties of granular soil. CaCO3 precipitation can improve the static and cyclic stiffness, shear strength, and volume change characteristics of granular soil. Desaturation via biogenic gas generation suppresses excess pore pressure development and thereby improves the cyclic shear resistance of granular soil. MIDP represents the combined effect of these two mechanisms. Effective implementation of MIDP for ground improvement demands quantitative understanding of the rate at which both mechanisms occur. The biogeochemical model developed herein is an upgrade of the model presented in earlier research; it includes additional features, such as inhibition terms, an expanded number of organic substrates, and a greater number of chemical constituents. It predicts the rate of CaCO3 precipitation and gas production by integrating stoichiometry, thermodynamics, microbial growth kinetics, and chemical reaction kinetics for a continuously stirred batch reactor. The model was calibrated using results from laboratory test columns. Sensitivity analyses conducted using the calibrated model identified a molar ratio for acetate:calcium:nitrate of 0.9∶1.0∶1.0 as the preferred ratio for maximizing CaCO3 precipitation and gas generation while avoiding excess residuals in the modeled batch reactor system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002126 |
| format | article |
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Both CaCO3 precipitation and desaturation via biogas formation can improve the static and cyclic mechanical properties of granular soil. CaCO3 precipitation can improve the static and cyclic stiffness, shear strength, and volume change characteristics of granular soil. Desaturation via biogenic gas generation suppresses excess pore pressure development and thereby improves the cyclic shear resistance of granular soil. MIDP represents the combined effect of these two mechanisms. Effective implementation of MIDP for ground improvement demands quantitative understanding of the rate at which both mechanisms occur. The biogeochemical model developed herein is an upgrade of the model presented in earlier research; it includes additional features, such as inhibition terms, an expanded number of organic substrates, and a greater number of chemical constituents. It predicts the rate of CaCO3 precipitation and gas production by integrating stoichiometry, thermodynamics, microbial growth kinetics, and chemical reaction kinetics for a continuously stirred batch reactor. The model was calibrated using results from laboratory test columns. Sensitivity analyses conducted using the calibrated model identified a molar ratio for acetate:calcium:nitrate of 0.9∶1.0∶1.0 as the preferred ratio for maximizing CaCO3 precipitation and gas generation while avoiding excess residuals in the modeled batch reactor system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1090-0241</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-5606</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002126</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: American Society of Civil Engineers</publisher><subject>Acetates ; Acetic acid ; Batch reactors ; Biogas ; Biogeochemistry ; Calcium ; Calcium carbonate ; Calcium carbonates ; Calcium nitrate ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbonates ; Chemical precipitation ; Chemical reactions ; Columns (structural) ; Continuously stirred tank reactors ; Denitrification ; Desaturation ; Gas production ; Growth kinetics ; Kinetics ; Laboratory tests ; Mechanical properties ; Microorganisms ; Organic chemistry ; Pore pressure ; Pore water ; Pore water pressure ; Reaction kinetics ; Reactors ; Sensitivity analysis ; Shear strength ; Soil ; Soil improvement ; Soil mechanics ; Soil properties ; Soil resistance ; Soils ; Stiffness ; Stoichiometry ; Substrates ; Technical Papers</subject><ispartof>Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 2019-11, Vol.145 (11)</ispartof><rights>2019 American Society of Civil Engineers</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a374t-1ba99f984d6a1ef693065829ccf36c245c5362f4b14771eb233177985188dc683</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a374t-1ba99f984d6a1ef693065829ccf36c245c5362f4b14771eb233177985188dc683</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1977-8598</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002126$$EPDF$$P50$$Gasce$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002126$$EHTML$$P50$$Gasce$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,3271,10094,27957,27958,76549,76557</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>O’Donnell, Sean T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Caitlyn A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kavazanjian, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rittmann, Bruce E</creatorcontrib><title>Biogeochemical Model for Soil Improvement by Denitrification</title><title>Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering</title><description>AbstractA biogeochemical model describing the rate at which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is precipitated from the pore water and biogas (carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas) is generated by dissimilatory reduction of nitrate (denitrification) through microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) has been developed. Both CaCO3 precipitation and desaturation via biogas formation can improve the static and cyclic mechanical properties of granular soil. CaCO3 precipitation can improve the static and cyclic stiffness, shear strength, and volume change characteristics of granular soil. Desaturation via biogenic gas generation suppresses excess pore pressure development and thereby improves the cyclic shear resistance of granular soil. MIDP represents the combined effect of these two mechanisms. Effective implementation of MIDP for ground improvement demands quantitative understanding of the rate at which both mechanisms occur. The biogeochemical model developed herein is an upgrade of the model presented in earlier research; it includes additional features, such as inhibition terms, an expanded number of organic substrates, and a greater number of chemical constituents. It predicts the rate of CaCO3 precipitation and gas production by integrating stoichiometry, thermodynamics, microbial growth kinetics, and chemical reaction kinetics for a continuously stirred batch reactor. The model was calibrated using results from laboratory test columns. Sensitivity analyses conducted using the calibrated model identified a molar ratio for acetate:calcium:nitrate of 0.9∶1.0∶1.0 as the preferred ratio for maximizing CaCO3 precipitation and gas generation while avoiding excess residuals in the modeled batch reactor system.</description><subject>Acetates</subject><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Batch reactors</subject><subject>Biogas</subject><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium carbonate</subject><subject>Calcium carbonates</subject><subject>Calcium nitrate</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Chemical precipitation</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Columns (structural)</subject><subject>Continuously stirred tank reactors</subject><subject>Denitrification</subject><subject>Desaturation</subject><subject>Gas production</subject><subject>Growth kinetics</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Laboratory tests</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Pore pressure</subject><subject>Pore water</subject><subject>Pore water pressure</subject><subject>Reaction kinetics</subject><subject>Reactors</subject><subject>Sensitivity analysis</subject><subject>Shear strength</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil improvement</subject><subject>Soil mechanics</subject><subject>Soil properties</subject><subject>Soil resistance</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Stiffness</subject><subject>Stoichiometry</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Technical Papers</subject><issn>1090-0241</issn><issn>1943-5606</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kD1PwzAQhi0EEqXwHyJYYEjxV-wYsZRQSqUihpbZclwbUiVxsVOk_nsctcDEdKfT896dHgAuERwhyNDt9XhRTG6myxESlKQZg2wEIcQIsyMw-J0dxx4KmEJM0Sk4C2EdIQpzPAD3D5V7N05_mKbSqk5e3MrUiXU-WbiqTmbNxrsv05i2S8pd8mjaqvOVjWhXufYcnFhVB3NxqEPw9jRZFs_p_HU6K8bzVBFOuxSVSggrcrpiChnLBIEsy7HQ2hKmMc10Rhi2tESUc2RKTAjiXOQZyvOVZjkZgqv93vjM59aETq7d1rfxpMSYZ1QITkSk7vaU9i4Eb6zc-KpRficRlL0tKXtbcrqUvRnZm5EHWzHM9mEVtPlb_5P8P_gNXUlskw</recordid><startdate>20191101</startdate><enddate>20191101</enddate><creator>O’Donnell, Sean T</creator><creator>Hall, Caitlyn A</creator><creator>Kavazanjian, Edward</creator><creator>Rittmann, Bruce E</creator><general>American Society of Civil Engineers</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-8598</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191101</creationdate><title>Biogeochemical Model for Soil Improvement by Denitrification</title><author>O’Donnell, Sean T ; Hall, Caitlyn A ; Kavazanjian, Edward ; Rittmann, Bruce E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a374t-1ba99f984d6a1ef693065829ccf36c245c5362f4b14771eb233177985188dc683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Acetates</topic><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Batch reactors</topic><topic>Biogas</topic><topic>Biogeochemistry</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium carbonate</topic><topic>Calcium carbonates</topic><topic>Calcium nitrate</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbonates</topic><topic>Chemical precipitation</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Columns (structural)</topic><topic>Continuously stirred tank reactors</topic><topic>Denitrification</topic><topic>Desaturation</topic><topic>Gas production</topic><topic>Growth kinetics</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Laboratory tests</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Pore pressure</topic><topic>Pore water</topic><topic>Pore water pressure</topic><topic>Reaction kinetics</topic><topic>Reactors</topic><topic>Sensitivity analysis</topic><topic>Shear strength</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil improvement</topic><topic>Soil mechanics</topic><topic>Soil properties</topic><topic>Soil resistance</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Stiffness</topic><topic>Stoichiometry</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Technical Papers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>O’Donnell, Sean T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Caitlyn A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kavazanjian, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rittmann, Bruce E</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>O’Donnell, Sean T</au><au>Hall, Caitlyn A</au><au>Kavazanjian, Edward</au><au>Rittmann, Bruce E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biogeochemical Model for Soil Improvement by Denitrification</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering</jtitle><date>2019-11-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>145</volume><issue>11</issue><issn>1090-0241</issn><eissn>1943-5606</eissn><abstract>AbstractA biogeochemical model describing the rate at which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is precipitated from the pore water and biogas (carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas) is generated by dissimilatory reduction of nitrate (denitrification) through microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) has been developed. Both CaCO3 precipitation and desaturation via biogas formation can improve the static and cyclic mechanical properties of granular soil. CaCO3 precipitation can improve the static and cyclic stiffness, shear strength, and volume change characteristics of granular soil. Desaturation via biogenic gas generation suppresses excess pore pressure development and thereby improves the cyclic shear resistance of granular soil. MIDP represents the combined effect of these two mechanisms. Effective implementation of MIDP for ground improvement demands quantitative understanding of the rate at which both mechanisms occur. The biogeochemical model developed herein is an upgrade of the model presented in earlier research; it includes additional features, such as inhibition terms, an expanded number of organic substrates, and a greater number of chemical constituents. It predicts the rate of CaCO3 precipitation and gas production by integrating stoichiometry, thermodynamics, microbial growth kinetics, and chemical reaction kinetics for a continuously stirred batch reactor. The model was calibrated using results from laboratory test columns. Sensitivity analyses conducted using the calibrated model identified a molar ratio for acetate:calcium:nitrate of 0.9∶1.0∶1.0 as the preferred ratio for maximizing CaCO3 precipitation and gas generation while avoiding excess residuals in the modeled batch reactor system.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>American Society of Civil Engineers</pub><doi>10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002126</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-8598</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetates Acetic acid Batch reactors Biogas Biogeochemistry Calcium Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonates Calcium nitrate Carbon dioxide Carbonates Chemical precipitation Chemical reactions Columns (structural) Continuously stirred tank reactors Denitrification Desaturation Gas production Growth kinetics Kinetics Laboratory tests Mechanical properties Microorganisms Organic chemistry Pore pressure Pore water Pore water pressure Reaction kinetics Reactors Sensitivity analysis Shear strength Soil Soil improvement Soil mechanics Soil properties Soil resistance Soils Stiffness Stoichiometry Substrates Technical Papers |
| title | Biogeochemical Model for Soil Improvement by Denitrification |
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