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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter the food utilization, growth & development and reproduction of armyworm, Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize
Abstract Background: The cultivation of Bt maize (maize genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis) continues to expand globally. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficially microbial community, closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the resistance...
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| description | Abstract Background: The cultivation of Bt maize (maize genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis) continues to expand globally. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficially microbial community, closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the resistance risk of Bt crops against target lepidopteran pests. Methods: In this study, transgenic Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize cv. Xianyu335) was inoculated with a species of AMF, Glomus caledonium (GC) and its outcomes on the food utilization, reproduction and development of armyworm, Mythimna separata were conducted in a potted experiment from 2017 to 2018. Results: AMF inoculation showed favorable influence on the GC colonization of both modified and non-modified maize, and marked increase in the grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight of modified and non-modified maize. Meanwhile, the cultivation of Bt maize didn’t significantly affected the AMF colonization. The feeding of M. separata with Bt maize resulted in a notable decrease in the parameters RCR, RGR, AD, ECI and ECD as compared with those observed in larvae fed with non-Bt maize in 2017 and 2018 regardless of GC inoculation. Furthermore, remarkable shortening of the adult longevity, remarkable prolongation of larval life span and remarkable decrease in the rate of pupation, weight of pupa, rate of eclosion and fecundity of M. separata was observed in Bt treatment regardless of GC inoculation during the two year experiment. Also, when M. separata was given Bt, a significant prolongation of larval life and shortening of the adult longevity, and a significant decrease of the pupal weight and fecundity of M. separate, was observed when inoculated with GC. However, it was just the opposite for larvae fed with non-Bt maize and inoculated with GC. The increased percentage of larval life-span, and the decrease percentages of the food utilization and the other indexes of reproduction, growth, and development of M. separata fed on Bt maize relative to non-Bt maize were all obviously lower under GC inoculation in contrast to the CK. Discussion: It is presumed that Bt maize has marked adverse impact on the M. separata development, reproduction and feeding, especially in combination with the GC inoculation. And the GC inoculation favors the resistance efficiency of Bt maize against M. separata larvae through reducing their food utilization ability, and then negatively affecti |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27643v1 |
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficially microbial community, closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the resistance risk of Bt crops against target lepidopteran pests. Methods: In this study, transgenic Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize cv. Xianyu335) was inoculated with a species of AMF, Glomus caledonium (GC) and its outcomes on the food utilization, reproduction and development of armyworm, Mythimna separata were conducted in a potted experiment from 2017 to 2018. Results: AMF inoculation showed favorable influence on the GC colonization of both modified and non-modified maize, and marked increase in the grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight of modified and non-modified maize. Meanwhile, the cultivation of Bt maize didn’t significantly affected the AMF colonization. The feeding of M. separata with Bt maize resulted in a notable decrease in the parameters RCR, RGR, AD, ECI and ECD as compared with those observed in larvae fed with non-Bt maize in 2017 and 2018 regardless of GC inoculation. Furthermore, remarkable shortening of the adult longevity, remarkable prolongation of larval life span and remarkable decrease in the rate of pupation, weight of pupa, rate of eclosion and fecundity of M. separata was observed in Bt treatment regardless of GC inoculation during the two year experiment. Also, when M. separata was given Bt, a significant prolongation of larval life and shortening of the adult longevity, and a significant decrease of the pupal weight and fecundity of M. separate, was observed when inoculated with GC. However, it was just the opposite for larvae fed with non-Bt maize and inoculated with GC. The increased percentage of larval life-span, and the decrease percentages of the food utilization and the other indexes of reproduction, growth, and development of M. separata fed on Bt maize relative to non-Bt maize were all obviously lower under GC inoculation in contrast to the CK. Discussion: It is presumed that Bt maize has marked adverse impact on the M. separata development, reproduction and feeding, especially in combination with the GC inoculation. And the GC inoculation favors the resistance efficiency of Bt maize against M. separata larvae through reducing their food utilization ability, and then negatively affecting the development and reproduction of the armyworm. So Bt maize inoculated with AMF (here, GC) can lessen the severe threats arising from armyworms, and hence the AMF inoculation may play important ecological functions in the field of Bt maize ecosystem with potentially high control efficiency for the target lepidopteran pests.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2167-9843</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27643v1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Diego: PeerJ, Inc</publisher><subject>Arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Bt gene ; Colonization ; Eclosion ; Fecundity ; Feeding ; Food ; Fungi ; Genetically engineered organisms ; Inoculation ; Life span ; Longevity ; Mythimna separata ; Pests ; Pupation ; Reproduction ; Soil fertility</subject><ispartof>PeerJ preprints, 2019-04</ispartof><rights>2019 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2205940169?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,25783,27957,27958,37047,44625</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabin Saurav Pokharel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Fajun</creatorcontrib><title>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter the food utilization, growth & development and reproduction of armyworm, Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize</title><title>PeerJ preprints</title><description>Abstract Background: The cultivation of Bt maize (maize genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis) continues to expand globally. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficially microbial community, closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the resistance risk of Bt crops against target lepidopteran pests. Methods: In this study, transgenic Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize cv. Xianyu335) was inoculated with a species of AMF, Glomus caledonium (GC) and its outcomes on the food utilization, reproduction and development of armyworm, Mythimna separata were conducted in a potted experiment from 2017 to 2018. Results: AMF inoculation showed favorable influence on the GC colonization of both modified and non-modified maize, and marked increase in the grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight of modified and non-modified maize. Meanwhile, the cultivation of Bt maize didn’t significantly affected the AMF colonization. The feeding of M. separata with Bt maize resulted in a notable decrease in the parameters RCR, RGR, AD, ECI and ECD as compared with those observed in larvae fed with non-Bt maize in 2017 and 2018 regardless of GC inoculation. Furthermore, remarkable shortening of the adult longevity, remarkable prolongation of larval life span and remarkable decrease in the rate of pupation, weight of pupa, rate of eclosion and fecundity of M. separata was observed in Bt treatment regardless of GC inoculation during the two year experiment. Also, when M. separata was given Bt, a significant prolongation of larval life and shortening of the adult longevity, and a significant decrease of the pupal weight and fecundity of M. separate, was observed when inoculated with GC. However, it was just the opposite for larvae fed with non-Bt maize and inoculated with GC. The increased percentage of larval life-span, and the decrease percentages of the food utilization and the other indexes of reproduction, growth, and development of M. separata fed on Bt maize relative to non-Bt maize were all obviously lower under GC inoculation in contrast to the CK. Discussion: It is presumed that Bt maize has marked adverse impact on the M. separata development, reproduction and feeding, especially in combination with the GC inoculation. And the GC inoculation favors the resistance efficiency of Bt maize against M. separata larvae through reducing their food utilization ability, and then negatively affecting the development and reproduction of the armyworm. So Bt maize inoculated with AMF (here, GC) can lessen the severe threats arising from armyworms, and hence the AMF inoculation may play important ecological functions in the field of Bt maize ecosystem with potentially high control efficiency for the target lepidopteran pests.</description><subject>Arbuscular mycorrhizas</subject><subject>Bt gene</subject><subject>Colonization</subject><subject>Eclosion</subject><subject>Fecundity</subject><subject>Feeding</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Genetically engineered organisms</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Life span</subject><subject>Longevity</subject><subject>Mythimna separata</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Pupation</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Soil fertility</subject><issn>2167-9843</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNotjtFKwzAYhYMgOOaewR8EUVhnkrb5m8s5NhU2vNn9SJt07WibmqYb22v4wnbozTk3H-d8hDwwOkOe4GtrjDvMWmdaVza-m3EUUXhkN2TEmcBAJlF4RyZdd6CUMh4LjnJEfuYu7busr5SD-pxZ54ryoirI-2ZfwvN8s3oBVXnjwBcGcms19L6sBsaXtpnC3tmTL-AJtDmayra1aTyoRsNVw-o-u2Jgc1CuPp-sq6ewOfuirBsFnWmVU15BbjQM1JuHWpUXc09uc1V1ZvLfY7JdLbeLj2D99f65mK-DFpEFmucsVpTGqUSRosaMC5GGYSZilIyrVKYatc6oRJrHLIm1TFDqCGmisiHCMXn8mx1Ev3vT-d3B9q4ZHnec01hGlAkZ_gJr3Wwt</recordid><startdate>20190409</startdate><enddate>20190409</enddate><creator>Wang, Long</creator><creator>Sabin Saurav Pokharel</creator><creator>Chen, Fajun</creator><general>PeerJ, Inc</general><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190409</creationdate><title>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter the food utilization, growth & development and reproduction of armyworm, Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize</title><author>Wang, Long ; Sabin Saurav Pokharel ; Chen, Fajun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p771-d2f15a005b976b7d7c266b33c657912ab9bd7ddc0970f5185d9879d4708ac7083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Arbuscular mycorrhizas</topic><topic>Bt gene</topic><topic>Colonization</topic><topic>Eclosion</topic><topic>Fecundity</topic><topic>Feeding</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Genetically engineered organisms</topic><topic>Inoculation</topic><topic>Life span</topic><topic>Longevity</topic><topic>Mythimna separata</topic><topic>Pests</topic><topic>Pupation</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Soil fertility</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabin Saurav Pokharel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Fajun</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>PeerJ preprints</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Long</au><au>Sabin Saurav Pokharel</au><au>Chen, Fajun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter the food utilization, growth & development and reproduction of armyworm, Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize</atitle><jtitle>PeerJ preprints</jtitle><date>2019-04-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><eissn>2167-9843</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background: The cultivation of Bt maize (maize genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis) continues to expand globally. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a kind of beneficially microbial community, closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the resistance risk of Bt crops against target lepidopteran pests. Methods: In this study, transgenic Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize cv. Xianyu335) was inoculated with a species of AMF, Glomus caledonium (GC) and its outcomes on the food utilization, reproduction and development of armyworm, Mythimna separata were conducted in a potted experiment from 2017 to 2018. Results: AMF inoculation showed favorable influence on the GC colonization of both modified and non-modified maize, and marked increase in the grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight of modified and non-modified maize. Meanwhile, the cultivation of Bt maize didn’t significantly affected the AMF colonization. The feeding of M. separata with Bt maize resulted in a notable decrease in the parameters RCR, RGR, AD, ECI and ECD as compared with those observed in larvae fed with non-Bt maize in 2017 and 2018 regardless of GC inoculation. Furthermore, remarkable shortening of the adult longevity, remarkable prolongation of larval life span and remarkable decrease in the rate of pupation, weight of pupa, rate of eclosion and fecundity of M. separata was observed in Bt treatment regardless of GC inoculation during the two year experiment. Also, when M. separata was given Bt, a significant prolongation of larval life and shortening of the adult longevity, and a significant decrease of the pupal weight and fecundity of M. separate, was observed when inoculated with GC. However, it was just the opposite for larvae fed with non-Bt maize and inoculated with GC. The increased percentage of larval life-span, and the decrease percentages of the food utilization and the other indexes of reproduction, growth, and development of M. separata fed on Bt maize relative to non-Bt maize were all obviously lower under GC inoculation in contrast to the CK. Discussion: It is presumed that Bt maize has marked adverse impact on the M. separata development, reproduction and feeding, especially in combination with the GC inoculation. And the GC inoculation favors the resistance efficiency of Bt maize against M. separata larvae through reducing their food utilization ability, and then negatively affecting the development and reproduction of the armyworm. So Bt maize inoculated with AMF (here, GC) can lessen the severe threats arising from armyworms, and hence the AMF inoculation may play important ecological functions in the field of Bt maize ecosystem with potentially high control efficiency for the target lepidopteran pests.</abstract><cop>San Diego</cop><pub>PeerJ, Inc</pub><doi>10.7287/peerj.preprints.27643v1</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Arbuscular mycorrhizas Bt gene Colonization Eclosion Fecundity Feeding Food Fungi Genetically engineered organisms Inoculation Life span Longevity Mythimna separata Pests Pupation Reproduction Soil fertility |
| title | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter the food utilization, growth & development and reproduction of armyworm, Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize |
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