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Soils in transition: saltwater intrusion alters soil chemistry in agricultural fields
As global sea-levels rise, low-lying coastal lands are subject to shallow coastal flooding and saltwater intrusion, affecting the productivity of farmlands worldwide. Soil biogeochemistry can be dramatically altered as saltwater intrudes agricultural fields. We selected three farm fields in Somerset...
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| Published in: | Biogeochemistry 2019-02, Vol.142 (3), p.339-356 |
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| creator | Tully, Katherine L. Weissman, Danielle Wyner, W. Jesse Miller, Jarrod Jordan, Thomas |
| description | As global sea-levels rise, low-lying coastal lands are subject to shallow coastal flooding and saltwater intrusion, affecting the productivity of farmlands worldwide. Soil biogeochemistry can be dramatically altered as saltwater intrudes agricultural fields. We selected three farm fields in Somerset Co., Maryland affected by saltwater intrusion and established transects from the ditch bank to the center of the cropped field and collected soils (to ~ 140 cm) at five points along this transect. The three fields in this study have different soil types, are located along different tributaries in the county, and receive different fertilizer rates, yet they all showed similar biogeochemical responses to saltwater intrusion. We found an increase in electrical conductivity and concentrations of chloride, sulfate, and forms of phosphorus (P) from the center of the field (low) to the ditch banks (high). As inundation increased, the structure of iron (Fe) changed from crystalline to non-crystalline forms, possibly due to dissolution under saturated conditions. Near the edges of the fields, the formation of organometallic complexes was positively associated with increases in soil carbon and organic soil P concentrations. Compared to areas of the fields where crops were actively growing, soil P concentrations are 2–3 higher on field edges, suggesting that saltwater intrusion may be transporting P to the edges of agricultural fields. These field edges are frequently saturated, thus reduction of Fe could lead to P release into solution potentially harming water quality. As climate change pushes saltwater further inland, it is important to understand the biogeochemical consequences for ecosystems up- and downstream. Understanding the how fractions of P move and change across fields affected by saltwater intrusion will be crucial for planning current and future management of coastal agricultural lands. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10533-019-00538-9 |
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Jesse ; Miller, Jarrod ; Jordan, Thomas</creator><creatorcontrib>Tully, Katherine L. ; Weissman, Danielle ; Wyner, W. Jesse ; Miller, Jarrod ; Jordan, Thomas</creatorcontrib><description>As global sea-levels rise, low-lying coastal lands are subject to shallow coastal flooding and saltwater intrusion, affecting the productivity of farmlands worldwide. Soil biogeochemistry can be dramatically altered as saltwater intrudes agricultural fields. We selected three farm fields in Somerset Co., Maryland affected by saltwater intrusion and established transects from the ditch bank to the center of the cropped field and collected soils (to ~ 140 cm) at five points along this transect. The three fields in this study have different soil types, are located along different tributaries in the county, and receive different fertilizer rates, yet they all showed similar biogeochemical responses to saltwater intrusion. We found an increase in electrical conductivity and concentrations of chloride, sulfate, and forms of phosphorus (P) from the center of the field (low) to the ditch banks (high). As inundation increased, the structure of iron (Fe) changed from crystalline to non-crystalline forms, possibly due to dissolution under saturated conditions. Near the edges of the fields, the formation of organometallic complexes was positively associated with increases in soil carbon and organic soil P concentrations. Compared to areas of the fields where crops were actively growing, soil P concentrations are 2–3 higher on field edges, suggesting that saltwater intrusion may be transporting P to the edges of agricultural fields. These field edges are frequently saturated, thus reduction of Fe could lead to P release into solution potentially harming water quality. As climate change pushes saltwater further inland, it is important to understand the biogeochemical consequences for ecosystems up- and downstream. Understanding the how fractions of P move and change across fields affected by saltwater intrusion will be crucial for planning current and future management of coastal agricultural lands.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-2563</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-515X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10533-019-00538-9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer Science + Business Media</publisher><subject>Agricultural land ; Agricultural management ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural resources ; Agrochemicals ; Biogeochemistry ; Biogeosciences ; Climate change ; Coastal management ; Coastal zone management ; Crystal structure ; Crystallinity ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Ecosystems ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Environmental changes ; Environmental Chemistry ; Fertilizers ; Fields ; Flooding ; Iron ; Life Sciences ; Organic chemistry ; Organic soils ; Organometallic complexes ; ORIGINAL PAPERS ; Phosphorus ; Saline water ; Saline water intrusion ; Salt water intrusion ; Saltwater intrusion ; Sea level ; Sea level changes ; Soil ; Soil chemistry ; Soil types ; Sulfates ; Tributaries ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>Biogeochemistry, 2019-02, Vol.142 (3), p.339-356</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019</rights><rights>Biogeochemistry is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-c0a68c3ba24ce7acb07cb528b13c40ca25c579b52b090680f0cb36dc4efc93383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-c0a68c3ba24ce7acb07cb528b13c40ca25c579b52b090680f0cb36dc4efc93383</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6190-2679</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48701385$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/48701385$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,58593,58826</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tully, Katherine L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weissman, Danielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyner, W. Jesse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Jarrod</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Soils in transition: saltwater intrusion alters soil chemistry in agricultural fields</title><title>Biogeochemistry</title><addtitle>Biogeochemistry</addtitle><description>As global sea-levels rise, low-lying coastal lands are subject to shallow coastal flooding and saltwater intrusion, affecting the productivity of farmlands worldwide. Soil biogeochemistry can be dramatically altered as saltwater intrudes agricultural fields. We selected three farm fields in Somerset Co., Maryland affected by saltwater intrusion and established transects from the ditch bank to the center of the cropped field and collected soils (to ~ 140 cm) at five points along this transect. The three fields in this study have different soil types, are located along different tributaries in the county, and receive different fertilizer rates, yet they all showed similar biogeochemical responses to saltwater intrusion. We found an increase in electrical conductivity and concentrations of chloride, sulfate, and forms of phosphorus (P) from the center of the field (low) to the ditch banks (high). As inundation increased, the structure of iron (Fe) changed from crystalline to non-crystalline forms, possibly due to dissolution under saturated conditions. Near the edges of the fields, the formation of organometallic complexes was positively associated with increases in soil carbon and organic soil P concentrations. Compared to areas of the fields where crops were actively growing, soil P concentrations are 2–3 higher on field edges, suggesting that saltwater intrusion may be transporting P to the edges of agricultural fields. These field edges are frequently saturated, thus reduction of Fe could lead to P release into solution potentially harming water quality. As climate change pushes saltwater further inland, it is important to understand the biogeochemical consequences for ecosystems up- and downstream. Understanding the how fractions of P move and change across fields affected by saltwater intrusion will be crucial for planning current and future management of coastal agricultural lands.</description><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural management</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agricultural resources</subject><subject>Agrochemicals</subject><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Coastal management</subject><subject>Coastal zone management</subject><subject>Crystal structure</subject><subject>Crystallinity</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Fields</subject><subject>Flooding</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>Organometallic complexes</subject><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Saline water</subject><subject>Saline water intrusion</subject><subject>Salt water intrusion</subject><subject>Saltwater intrusion</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Sea level changes</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil chemistry</subject><subject>Soil types</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Tributaries</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><issn>0168-2563</issn><issn>1573-515X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9jz1LBDEQhoMoeJ5WdoJwYB2dZDabpJTDLziwUMEuJOOu7HJuzmSv8N8bXdHOaobhfd7hYexEwLkA0BdZgELkICyHshlud9hMKI1cCfW8y2YgasOlqnGfHeTcA4DVgDN2_BC7dV50w2JMfsjd2MXhkO21fp2bo585Z0_XV4_LW766v7lbXq44YSVGTuBrQxi8rKjRngJoCkqaIJAqIC8VKW3LJYCF2kALFLB-oappySIanLOzqXeT4vu2yaPr4zYN5aWTQoO2Eq0qKTmlKMWcU9O6TerefPpwAtyXvJvkXZF33_LOFggnKJfw8Nqkv-p_qdOJ6vMY0--fymgQaBR-AvD9ZEE</recordid><startdate>20190201</startdate><enddate>20190201</enddate><creator>Tully, Katherine L.</creator><creator>Weissman, Danielle</creator><creator>Wyner, W. 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These field edges are frequently saturated, thus reduction of Fe could lead to P release into solution potentially harming water quality. As climate change pushes saltwater further inland, it is important to understand the biogeochemical consequences for ecosystems up- and downstream. Understanding the how fractions of P move and change across fields affected by saltwater intrusion will be crucial for planning current and future management of coastal agricultural lands.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer Science + Business Media</pub><doi>10.1007/s10533-019-00538-9</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-2679</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural land Agricultural management Agricultural production Agricultural resources Agrochemicals Biogeochemistry Biogeosciences Climate change Coastal management Coastal zone management Crystal structure Crystallinity Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Ecosystems Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Environmental changes Environmental Chemistry Fertilizers Fields Flooding Iron Life Sciences Organic chemistry Organic soils Organometallic complexes ORIGINAL PAPERS Phosphorus Saline water Saline water intrusion Salt water intrusion Saltwater intrusion Sea level Sea level changes Soil Soil chemistry Soil types Sulfates Tributaries Water quality |
| title | Soils in transition: saltwater intrusion alters soil chemistry in agricultural fields |
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