Acute effects of Red Bull energy drink on ventricular repolarization in healthy young volunteers: a prospective study

Energy drinks (EDs) are widely consumed products of the beverage industry and are often chosen by teenagers and young adults. Several adverse cardiovascular events and malignant cardiac arrhythmias following consumption of EDs have been reported in the literature. Several studies have suggested that...

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Published in:Anatolian journal of cardiology 2015-11, Vol.15 (11), p.919-922
Main Authors: Elitok, Ali, Öz, Fahrettin, Panc, Cafer, Sarıkaya, Remzi, Sezikli, Selim, Pala, Yasin, Bugan, Övgü Sinem, Ateş, Müge, Parıldar, Hilal, Ayaz, Mustafa Buğra, Atıcı, Adem, Oflaz, Hüseyin
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Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced
Beverages
Caffeine - administration & dosage
Caffeine - pharmacology
Electrocardiography
Female
Healthy Volunteers
Heart Conduction System - drug effects
Heart Rate - drug effects
Humans
Male
Prospective Studies
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container_issue 11
container_start_page 919
container_title Anatolian journal of cardiology
container_volume 15
creator Elitok, Ali
Öz, Fahrettin
Panc, Cafer
Sarıkaya, Remzi
Sezikli, Selim
Pala, Yasin
Bugan, Övgü Sinem
Ateş, Müge
Parıldar, Hilal
Ayaz, Mustafa Buğra
Atıcı, Adem
Oflaz, Hüseyin
description Energy drinks (EDs) are widely consumed products of the beverage industry and are often chosen by teenagers and young adults. Several adverse cardiovascular events and malignant cardiac arrhythmias following consumption of EDs have been reported in the literature. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the dispersion of repolarization and that an increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. This study investigated the acute effects of Red Bull ED on ventricular repolarization as assessed by the Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio. A prospective, open-label study design was used. After an 8-h fast, 50 young, healthy subjects consumed 355 mL of Red Bull ED. The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QTc ratio, and several other electrocardiographic parameters were measured at baseline and 2 h after ingestion of Red Bull ED. No significant changes in the Tp-e interval or Tp-e/QTc ratio were observed with Red Bull ED consumption. Red Bull ED consumption led to increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, which were associated with an increased heart rate. Although ingestion of Red Bull ED increases the heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressures, it does not cause alterations in ventricular repolarization as assessed by the Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio.
doi_str_mv 10.5152/akd.2015.5791
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Several adverse cardiovascular events and malignant cardiac arrhythmias following consumption of EDs have been reported in the literature. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the dispersion of repolarization and that an increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. This study investigated the acute effects of Red Bull ED on ventricular repolarization as assessed by the Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio. A prospective, open-label study design was used. After an 8-h fast, 50 young, healthy subjects consumed 355 mL of Red Bull ED. The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QTc ratio, and several other electrocardiographic parameters were measured at baseline and 2 h after ingestion of Red Bull ED. No significant changes in the Tp-e interval or Tp-e/QTc ratio were observed with Red Bull ED consumption. Red Bull ED consumption led to increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, which were associated with an increased heart rate. Although ingestion of Red Bull ED increases the heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressures, it does not cause alterations in ventricular repolarization as assessed by the Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2149-2263</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2149-2271</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.5791</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25868042</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Turkey: Kare Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced ; Beverages ; Caffeine - administration &amp; dosage ; Caffeine - pharmacology ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Conduction System - drug effects ; Heart Rate - drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies</subject><ispartof>Anatolian journal of cardiology, 2015-11, Vol.15 (11), p.919-922</ispartof><rights>Copyright Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI. 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source PubMed Central（OA）; ProQuest Publicly Available Content database
subjects Adult
Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced
Beverages
Caffeine - administration & dosage
Caffeine - pharmacology
Electrocardiography
Female
Healthy Volunteers
Heart Conduction System - drug effects
Heart Rate - drug effects
Humans
Male
Prospective Studies
title Acute effects of Red Bull energy drink on ventricular repolarization in healthy young volunteers: a prospective study
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