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Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein triggers a pulmonary immune response in rats
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been affecting millions of people worldwide, since the beginning of 2020. COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268434-e0268434 |
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| creator | Silva, Everidiene K V B Bomfim, Camila G Barbosa, Ana P Noda, Paloma Noronha, Irene L Fernandes, Bianca H V Machado, Rafael R G Durigon, Edison L Catanozi, Sergio Rodrigues, Letícia G Pieroni, Fabiana Lima, Sérgio G Teodoro, Walcy R Queiroz, Zelita A J Silveira, Lizandre K R Charlie-Silva, Ives Capelozzi, Vera L Guzzo, Cristiane R Fanelli, Camilla |
| description | The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been affecting millions of people worldwide, since the beginning of 2020. COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis and multiple organ failure, which may lead to dead. Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines to minimize COVID-19 severity in the world population is imperious. One of the employed techniques to produce vaccines against emerging viruses is the synthesis of recombinant proteins, which can be used as immunizing agents. Based on the exposed, the aim of the present study was to verify the systemic and immunological effects of IM administration of recombinant Nucleocapsid protein (NP), derived from SARS-CoV-2 and produced by this research group, in 2 different strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus); Wistar and Lewis. For this purpose, experimental animals received 4 injections of NP, once a week, and were submitted to biochemical and histological analysis. Our results showed that NP inoculations were safe for the animals, which presented no clinical symptoms of worrying side effects, nor laboratorial alterations in the main biochemical and histological parameters, suggesting the absence of toxicity induced by NP. Moreover, NP injections successfully triggered the production of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by both Wistar and Lewis rats, showing the sensitization to have been well sufficient for the immunization of these strains of rats. Additionally, we observed the local lung activation of the Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) of rats in the NP groups, suggesting that NP elicits specific lung immune response. Although pre-clinical and clinical studies are still required, our data support the recombinant NP produced by this research group as a potential immunizing agent for massive vaccination, and may represent advantages upon other recombinant proteins, since it seems to induce specific pulmonary protection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0268434 |
| format | article |
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COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis and multiple organ failure, which may lead to dead. Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines to minimize COVID-19 severity in the world population is imperious. One of the employed techniques to produce vaccines against emerging viruses is the synthesis of recombinant proteins, which can be used as immunizing agents. Based on the exposed, the aim of the present study was to verify the systemic and immunological effects of IM administration of recombinant Nucleocapsid protein (NP), derived from SARS-CoV-2 and produced by this research group, in 2 different strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus); Wistar and Lewis. For this purpose, experimental animals received 4 injections of NP, once a week, and were submitted to biochemical and histological analysis. Our results showed that NP inoculations were safe for the animals, which presented no clinical symptoms of worrying side effects, nor laboratorial alterations in the main biochemical and histological parameters, suggesting the absence of toxicity induced by NP. Moreover, NP injections successfully triggered the production of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by both Wistar and Lewis rats, showing the sensitization to have been well sufficient for the immunization of these strains of rats. Additionally, we observed the local lung activation of the Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) of rats in the NP groups, suggesting that NP elicits specific lung immune response. Although pre-clinical and clinical studies are still required, our data support the recombinant NP produced by this research group as a potential immunizing agent for massive vaccination, and may represent advantages upon other recombinant proteins, since it seems to induce specific pulmonary protection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268434</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35609032</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animal tissues ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Biology and life sciences ; Bronchus ; Chloride ; Cloning ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Disease transmission ; E coli ; Enzymes ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunology ; Infectious diseases ; Inoculation ; Lungs ; Lymphoid tissue ; Medicine and health sciences ; Nucleocapsids ; Pandemics ; Pathogens ; Proteins ; Rats ; Recombinant proteins ; Respiratory diseases ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Side effects ; Sodium ; Toxicity ; Vaccines ; Viral diseases ; Viral infections ; Viruses ; World population</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268434-e0268434</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis and multiple organ failure, which may lead to dead. Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines to minimize COVID-19 severity in the world population is imperious. One of the employed techniques to produce vaccines against emerging viruses is the synthesis of recombinant proteins, which can be used as immunizing agents. Based on the exposed, the aim of the present study was to verify the systemic and immunological effects of IM administration of recombinant Nucleocapsid protein (NP), derived from SARS-CoV-2 and produced by this research group, in 2 different strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus); Wistar and Lewis. For this purpose, experimental animals received 4 injections of NP, once a week, and were submitted to biochemical and histological analysis. Our results showed that NP inoculations were safe for the animals, which presented no clinical symptoms of worrying side effects, nor laboratorial alterations in the main biochemical and histological parameters, suggesting the absence of toxicity induced by NP. Moreover, NP injections successfully triggered the production of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by both Wistar and Lewis rats, showing the sensitization to have been well sufficient for the immunization of these strains of rats. Additionally, we observed the local lung activation of the Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) of rats in the NP groups, suggesting that NP elicits specific lung immune response. Although pre-clinical and clinical studies are still required, our data support the recombinant NP produced by this research group as a potential immunizing agent for massive vaccination, and may represent advantages upon other recombinant proteins, since it seems to induce specific pulmonary protection.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal tissues</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Bronchus</subject><subject>Chloride</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Lymphoid tissue</subject><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subject>Nucleocapsids</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Recombinant proteins</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>World 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Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Silva, Everidiene K V B</au><au>Bomfim, Camila G</au><au>Barbosa, Ana P</au><au>Noda, Paloma</au><au>Noronha, Irene L</au><au>Fernandes, Bianca H V</au><au>Machado, Rafael R G</au><au>Durigon, Edison L</au><au>Catanozi, Sergio</au><au>Rodrigues, Letícia G</au><au>Pieroni, Fabiana</au><au>Lima, Sérgio G</au><au>Teodoro, Walcy R</au><au>Queiroz, Zelita A J</au><au>Silveira, Lizandre K R</au><au>Charlie-Silva, Ives</au><au>Capelozzi, Vera L</au><au>Guzzo, Cristiane R</au><au>Fanelli, Camilla</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein triggers a pulmonary immune response in rats</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-05-24</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0268434</spage><epage>e0268434</epage><pages>e0268434-e0268434</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Competing Interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.</notes><abstract>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been affecting millions of people worldwide, since the beginning of 2020. COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis and multiple organ failure, which may lead to dead. Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines to minimize COVID-19 severity in the world population is imperious. One of the employed techniques to produce vaccines against emerging viruses is the synthesis of recombinant proteins, which can be used as immunizing agents. Based on the exposed, the aim of the present study was to verify the systemic and immunological effects of IM administration of recombinant Nucleocapsid protein (NP), derived from SARS-CoV-2 and produced by this research group, in 2 different strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus); Wistar and Lewis. For this purpose, experimental animals received 4 injections of NP, once a week, and were submitted to biochemical and histological analysis. Our results showed that NP inoculations were safe for the animals, which presented no clinical symptoms of worrying side effects, nor laboratorial alterations in the main biochemical and histological parameters, suggesting the absence of toxicity induced by NP. Moreover, NP injections successfully triggered the production of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by both Wistar and Lewis rats, showing the sensitization to have been well sufficient for the immunization of these strains of rats. Additionally, we observed the local lung activation of the Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) of rats in the NP groups, suggesting that NP elicits specific lung immune response. Although pre-clinical and clinical studies are still required, our data support the recombinant NP produced by this research group as a potential immunizing agent for massive vaccination, and may represent advantages upon other recombinant proteins, since it seems to induce specific pulmonary protection.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35609032</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0268434</doi><tpages>e0268434</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-7708</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-5092</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-2767</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268434-e0268434 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2686258754 |
| source | PubMed Central (Open access); Publicly Available Content Database; Coronavirus Research Database |
| subjects | Analysis Animal tissues Animals Antibodies Biology and life sciences Bronchus Chloride Cloning Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Disease transmission E coli Enzymes Immune response Immune system Immunization Immunoglobulin G Immunology Infectious diseases Inoculation Lungs Lymphoid tissue Medicine and health sciences Nucleocapsids Pandemics Pathogens Proteins Rats Recombinant proteins Respiratory diseases Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Side effects Sodium Toxicity Vaccines Viral diseases Viral infections Viruses World population |
| title | Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein triggers a pulmonary immune response in rats |
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