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Germination and seed persistence of Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus viridis: Two emerging weeds in Australian cotton and other summer crops
Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) are becoming problematic weeds in summer crops, including cotton in Australia. A series of laboratory and field experiments were performed to examine the germination ecology, and seed persistence of two populati...
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Published in: | PloS one 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263798-e0263798 |
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description | Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) are becoming problematic weeds in summer crops, including cotton in Australia. A series of laboratory and field experiments were performed to examine the germination ecology, and seed persistence of two populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis collected from the Goondiwindi and Gatton regions of Australia. Both populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis behaved similarly to different environmental conditions. Initial dormancy was observed in fresh seeds of both species; however, germination reached maximum after an after-ripening period of two months at room temperature. Light was not a mandatory prerequisite for germination of both species as they could germinate under complete darkness. Although both species showed very low germination at the alternating day/night temperature of 15/5 C, these species germinated more than 40% between ranges of 25/15 C to 35/25 C. Maximum germination of A. retroflexus (93%) and A. viridis (86%) was observed at 35/25 C and 30/20, respectively. Germination of A. retroflexus and A. viridis was completely inhibited at osmotic potentials of -1.0 and -0.6 MPa, respectively. No germination was observed in both species at the sodium chloride concentration of 200 mM. A. retroflexus seedling emergence (87%) was maximum from the seeds buried at 1 cm while the maximum germination of A. viridis (72%) was observed at the soil surface. No seedling emergence was observed from a burial depth of 8 cm for both species. In both species, seed persistence increased with increasing burial depth. At 24 months after seed placement, seed depletion ranged from 75% (10 cm depth) to 94% (soil surface) for A. retroflexus, and ranged from 79% to 94% for A. viridis, respectively. Information gained from this study will contribute to an integrated control programs for A. retroflexus and A. viridis. |
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A series of laboratory and field experiments were performed to examine the germination ecology, and seed persistence of two populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis collected from the Goondiwindi and Gatton regions of Australia. Both populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis behaved similarly to different environmental conditions. Initial dormancy was observed in fresh seeds of both species; however, germination reached maximum after an after-ripening period of two months at room temperature. Light was not a mandatory prerequisite for germination of both species as they could germinate under complete darkness. Although both species showed very low germination at the alternating day/night temperature of 15/5 C, these species germinated more than 40% between ranges of 25/15 C to 35/25 C. Maximum germination of A. retroflexus (93%) and A. viridis (86%) was observed at 35/25 C and 30/20, respectively. Germination of A. retroflexus and A. viridis was completely inhibited at osmotic potentials of -1.0 and -0.6 MPa, respectively. No germination was observed in both species at the sodium chloride concentration of 200 mM. A. retroflexus seedling emergence (87%) was maximum from the seeds buried at 1 cm while the maximum germination of A. viridis (72%) was observed at the soil surface. No seedling emergence was observed from a burial depth of 8 cm for both species. In both species, seed persistence increased with increasing burial depth. At 24 months after seed placement, seed depletion ranged from 75% (10 cm depth) to 94% (soil surface) for A. retroflexus, and ranged from 79% to 94% for A. viridis, respectively. Information gained from this study will contribute to an integrated control programs for A. retroflexus and A. viridis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263798</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35139125</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Agriculture ; Amaranth ; Amaranthus ; Amaranthus - classification ; Amaranthus - growth & development ; Amaranthus - physiology ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; Amaranthus viridis ; Australia ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chlorine compounds ; Control programs ; Cotton ; Crops ; Crops, Agricultural - growth & development ; Darkness ; Depletion ; Dormancy ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Environmental conditions ; Evaluation ; Field tests ; Food ; Germination ; Germination - physiology ; Gossypium - growth & development ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Integrated control ; Management ; People and Places ; Plant Weeds - growth & development ; Plant Weeds - physiology ; Populations ; Precipitation ; Ripening ; Room temperature ; Salinity ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; Seedlings - growth & development ; Seeds ; Seeds - growth & development ; Sodium ; Sodium chloride ; Soils ; Sorghum ; Species ; Summer ; Weed Control ; Weeds]]></subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263798-e0263798</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. 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Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d5bdc582ad8180428ee83d27ff97ca591e25cded922af2ce5c9c59bbdf52daf23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d5bdc582ad8180428ee83d27ff97ca591e25cded922af2ce5c9c59bbdf52daf23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9332-1879</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2627116497/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2627116497?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,25783,27957,27958,37047,37048,44625,53827,53829,75483</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35139125$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Shah, Adnan Noor</contributor><creatorcontrib>Khan, Asad M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mobli, Ahmadreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Werth, Jeff A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chauhan, Bhagirath S</creatorcontrib><title>Germination and seed persistence of Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus viridis: Two emerging weeds in Australian cotton and other summer crops</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) are becoming problematic weeds in summer crops, including cotton in Australia. A series of laboratory and field experiments were performed to examine the germination ecology, and seed persistence of two populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis collected from the Goondiwindi and Gatton regions of Australia. Both populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis behaved similarly to different environmental conditions. Initial dormancy was observed in fresh seeds of both species; however, germination reached maximum after an after-ripening period of two months at room temperature. Light was not a mandatory prerequisite for germination of both species as they could germinate under complete darkness. Although both species showed very low germination at the alternating day/night temperature of 15/5 C, these species germinated more than 40% between ranges of 25/15 C to 35/25 C. Maximum germination of A. retroflexus (93%) and A. viridis (86%) was observed at 35/25 C and 30/20, respectively. Germination of A. retroflexus and A. viridis was completely inhibited at osmotic potentials of -1.0 and -0.6 MPa, respectively. No germination was observed in both species at the sodium chloride concentration of 200 mM. A. retroflexus seedling emergence (87%) was maximum from the seeds buried at 1 cm while the maximum germination of A. viridis (72%) was observed at the soil surface. No seedling emergence was observed from a burial depth of 8 cm for both species. In both species, seed persistence increased with increasing burial depth. At 24 months after seed placement, seed depletion ranged from 75% (10 cm depth) to 94% (soil surface) for A. retroflexus, and ranged from 79% to 94% for A. viridis, respectively. Information gained from this study will contribute to an integrated control programs for A. retroflexus and A. viridis.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Amaranth</subject><subject>Amaranthus</subject><subject>Amaranthus - classification</subject><subject>Amaranthus - growth & development</subject><subject>Amaranthus - physiology</subject><subject>Amaranthus retroflexus</subject><subject>Amaranthus viridis</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chlorine compounds</subject><subject>Control programs</subject><subject>Cotton</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural - growth & development</subject><subject>Darkness</subject><subject>Depletion</subject><subject>Dormancy</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Field tests</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Germination - physiology</subject><subject>Gossypium - growth & development</subject><subject>Herbicides</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Integrated control</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Plant Weeds - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Weeds - physiology</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Ripening</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Seedlings - growth & development</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Seeds - growth & development</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium chloride</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Sorghum</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Weed Control</subject><subject>Weeds</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk8Fu1DAQhiMEoqXwBggsISE47BI7cRxzQFpVUFaqVAkKV8trT3a9Suyt7bTlMXhjHDatNqgHlEOs8Tf_ZP7MZNlLnM9xwfCHreu9le185yzMc1IVjNePsmPMCzKrSF48PjgfZc9C2OY5LeqqepodFRQXHBN6nP0-A98ZK6NxFkmrUQDQaAc-mBDBKkCuQYtOemnjpg_IQ_SuaeE2nQf84OraeKNN-IgubxyCDvza2DW6SXoBGYsWfYhetkZapFyMYzkXN-BR6LvEI-XdLjzPnjSyDfBifJ9kP758vjz9Oju_OFueLs5nquIkzjRdaUVrInWN67wkNUBdaMKahjMlKcdAqNKgOSGyIQqo4ory1Uo3lOgUKU6y13vdXeuCGN0MglSEYVyVnCViuSe0k1ux8yb1-ks4acTfgPNrIX00qgVBtaqrvKSKybKUWq0qlorVipOSlayRSevTWK1fdaAV2MGMiej0xpqNWLtrUdckKdRJ4N0o4N1VDyGKzgQFbSstuH7_3SVjlOYJffMP-nB3I7WWqQFjG5fqqkFULJLDFce8pImaP0ClR0NnVBq9xqT4JOH9JCExEW7jWvYhiOX3b__PXvycsm8P2A3INm6Ca_thcMMULPdgmqYQPDT3JuNcDJtz54YYNkeMm5PSXh3-oPuku1Up_gD_Nhe-</recordid><startdate>20220209</startdate><enddate>20220209</enddate><creator>Khan, Asad M</creator><creator>Mobli, Ahmadreza</creator><creator>Werth, Jeff A</creator><creator>Chauhan, Bhagirath S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-1879</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220209</creationdate><title>Germination and seed persistence of Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus viridis: Two emerging weeds in Australian cotton and other summer crops</title><author>Khan, Asad M ; Mobli, Ahmadreza ; Werth, Jeff A ; Chauhan, Bhagirath S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d5bdc582ad8180428ee83d27ff97ca591e25cded922af2ce5c9c59bbdf52daf23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Amaranth</topic><topic>Amaranthus</topic><topic>Amaranthus - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khan, Asad M</au><au>Mobli, Ahmadreza</au><au>Werth, Jeff A</au><au>Chauhan, Bhagirath S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Germination and seed persistence of Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus viridis: Two emerging weeds in Australian cotton and other summer crops</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-02-09</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0263798</spage><epage>e0263798</epage><pages>e0263798-e0263798</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</notes><abstract>Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) are becoming problematic weeds in summer crops, including cotton in Australia. A series of laboratory and field experiments were performed to examine the germination ecology, and seed persistence of two populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis collected from the Goondiwindi and Gatton regions of Australia. Both populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis behaved similarly to different environmental conditions. Initial dormancy was observed in fresh seeds of both species; however, germination reached maximum after an after-ripening period of two months at room temperature. Light was not a mandatory prerequisite for germination of both species as they could germinate under complete darkness. Although both species showed very low germination at the alternating day/night temperature of 15/5 C, these species germinated more than 40% between ranges of 25/15 C to 35/25 C. Maximum germination of A. retroflexus (93%) and A. viridis (86%) was observed at 35/25 C and 30/20, respectively. Germination of A. retroflexus and A. viridis was completely inhibited at osmotic potentials of -1.0 and -0.6 MPa, respectively. No germination was observed in both species at the sodium chloride concentration of 200 mM. A. retroflexus seedling emergence (87%) was maximum from the seeds buried at 1 cm while the maximum germination of A. viridis (72%) was observed at the soil surface. No seedling emergence was observed from a burial depth of 8 cm for both species. In both species, seed persistence increased with increasing burial depth. At 24 months after seed placement, seed depletion ranged from 75% (10 cm depth) to 94% (soil surface) for A. retroflexus, and ranged from 79% to 94% for A. viridis, respectively. Information gained from this study will contribute to an integrated control programs for A. retroflexus and A. viridis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35139125</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0263798</doi><tpages>e0263798</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-1879</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
subjects | Agriculture Amaranth Amaranthus Amaranthus - classification Amaranthus - growth & development Amaranthus - physiology Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus viridis Australia Biology and Life Sciences Chlorine compounds Control programs Cotton Crops Crops, Agricultural - growth & development Darkness Depletion Dormancy Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Environmental conditions Evaluation Field tests Food Germination Germination - physiology Gossypium - growth & development Herbicides Humans Integrated control Management People and Places Plant Weeds - growth & development Plant Weeds - physiology Populations Precipitation Ripening Room temperature Salinity Seasons Seedlings Seedlings - growth & development Seeds Seeds - growth & development Sodium Sodium chloride Soils Sorghum Species Summer Weed Control Weeds |
title | Germination and seed persistence of Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus viridis: Two emerging weeds in Australian cotton and other summer crops |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-21T09%3A46%3A01IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germination%20and%20seed%20persistence%20of%20Amaranthus%20retroflexus%20and%20Amaranthus%20viridis:%20Two%20emerging%20weeds%20in%20Australian%20cotton%20and%20other%20summer%20crops&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Khan,%20Asad%20M&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0263798&rft.epage=e0263798&rft.pages=e0263798-e0263798&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0263798&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA692691945%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d5bdc582ad8180428ee83d27ff97ca591e25cded922af2ce5c9c59bbdf52daf23%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2627116497&rft_id=info:pmid/35139125&rft_galeid=A692691945&rfr_iscdi=true |