Vaccination discourses among chiropractors, naturopaths and homeopaths: A qualitative content analysis of academic literature and Canadian organizational webpages

Vaccine hesitancy-the reluctance to receive recommended vaccination because of concerns and doubts about vaccines-is recognized as a significant threat to the success of vaccination programs and has been associated with recent major outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Moreover, the associatio...

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Published in:PloS one 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0236691-e0236691
Main Authors: Filice, Eric, Dubé, Eve, Graham, Janice E, MacDonald, Noni E, Bettinger, Julie A, Greyson, Devon, MacDonald, Shannon, Driedger, S. Michelle, Kawchuk, Greg, Meyer, Samantha B, Laws, M Barton
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative medicine
Attitudes
Beliefs, opinions and attitudes
Biology and Life Sciences
Chiropractic medicine
Chiropractors
Content analysis
Empirical analysis
Guidelines
Health risks
Homeopathic physicians
Immunization
Infectious diseases
Keywords
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Naturopaths
Organizations
Pediatrics
Public health
Qualitative analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
Research methodology
Subject heading schemes
Vaccination
Vaccines
Web pages (World Wide Web)
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creator Filice, Eric
Dubé, Eve
Graham, Janice E
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Greyson, Devon
MacDonald, Shannon
Driedger, S. Michelle
Kawchuk, Greg
Meyer, Samantha B
Laws, M Barton
description Vaccine hesitancy-the reluctance to receive recommended vaccination because of concerns and doubts about vaccines-is recognized as a significant threat to the success of vaccination programs and has been associated with recent major outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Moreover, the association between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and vaccine hesitancy and/or refusal has been frequently reported in the literature. To date, significant gaps persist in our understanding of contemporary Canadian CAM providers' beliefs regarding vaccination and how socio-professional influences may shape their vaccine-related attitudes and behaviours. To address the latter gap, the current study aims to explore the content of professional guidelines, recommendations and other discourses among CAM providers as they concern vaccination by analyzing both academic, peer-reviewed literature and Canadian organizational webpages prepared by and/or for practicing chiropractors, naturopaths and homeopaths. In the academic literature, we identified a number of complex and diverging views on vaccination that spanned topics of effectiveness; safety; theoretical, empirical, and ethical soundness; political justifiability; and compatibility with CAM philosophy and professional boundaries. However, in its current state the CAM literature cannot be described in broad strokes as being either pro- or anti-vaccination without considering finer areas of disagreement. Compared to the academic literature, which focuses more on the conceptual and evidentiary basis of vaccination, a greater proportion of vaccine-related content on Canadian CAM organizations' webpages seems to be dedicated to offering specific directives and prescriptions to providers. Guidelines and standards of practice address a number of issues, including vaccine administration, counsel, education and marketing. As CAM organizations further evolve in Canada and elsewhere as part of a broader "professionalization" initiative, greater attention will need to be directed at their role in shaping providers' beliefs and practices that both support and undermine vaccine promotion efforts.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0236691
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Michelle</au><au>Kawchuk, Greg</au><au>Meyer, Samantha B</au><au>Laws, M Barton</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Vaccination discourses among chiropractors, naturopaths and homeopaths: A qualitative content analysis of academic literature and Canadian organizational webpages</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2020-08-12</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0236691</spage><epage>e0236691</epage><pages>e0236691-e0236691</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</notes><abstract>Vaccine hesitancy-the reluctance to receive recommended vaccination because of concerns and doubts about vaccines-is recognized as a significant threat to the success of vaccination programs and has been associated with recent major outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Moreover, the association between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and vaccine hesitancy and/or refusal has been frequently reported in the literature. To date, significant gaps persist in our understanding of contemporary Canadian CAM providers' beliefs regarding vaccination and how socio-professional influences may shape their vaccine-related attitudes and behaviours. To address the latter gap, the current study aims to explore the content of professional guidelines, recommendations and other discourses among CAM providers as they concern vaccination by analyzing both academic, peer-reviewed literature and Canadian organizational webpages prepared by and/or for practicing chiropractors, naturopaths and homeopaths. 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As CAM organizations further evolve in Canada and elsewhere as part of a broader "professionalization" initiative, greater attention will need to be directed at their role in shaping providers' beliefs and practices that both support and undermine vaccine promotion efforts.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32785248</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0236691</doi><tpages>e0236691</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-2828</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-7279</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-384X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Open Access: PubMed Central; Publicly Available Content Database
subjects Alternative medicine
Attitudes
Beliefs, opinions and attitudes
Biology and Life Sciences
Chiropractic medicine
Chiropractors
Content analysis
Empirical analysis
Guidelines
Health risks
Homeopathic physicians
Immunization
Infectious diseases
Keywords
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Naturopaths
Organizations
Pediatrics
Public health
Qualitative analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
Research methodology
Subject heading schemes
Vaccination
Vaccines
Web pages (World Wide Web)
title Vaccination discourses among chiropractors, naturopaths and homeopaths: A qualitative content analysis of academic literature and Canadian organizational webpages
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