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Footprints of Urban Micro-Pollution in Protected Areas: Investigating the Longitudinal Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wildlife Preserves
Current approaches to protect biodiversity by establishing protected areas usually gloss over water pollution as a threat. Our objective was to determine the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water column and sediments from a wastewater dominated stream that e...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0148654 |
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| creator | Rodriguez-Jorquera, Ignacio A Silva-Sanchez, Cecilia Strynar, Mark Denslow, Nancy D Toor, Gurpal S |
| description | Current approaches to protect biodiversity by establishing protected areas usually gloss over water pollution as a threat. Our objective was to determine the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water column and sediments from a wastewater dominated stream that enters preservation areas. Water samples were collected along the longitudinal section (six sites, 1000 m away from each other) of the stream during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were collected from three sites along the stream from three depths. Water and sediments were analyzed for PFAAs using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven PFAAs with 5 to 14 carbon atoms were detected in the water column at all sampling points, with a minor reduction at the last point suggesting a dilution effect. The most detected PFAAs was PFOS, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). Seasonal differences in PFAAs concentrations suggested contribution of stormwater runoff during the wet season. All analyzed PFAAs in sediments were under the limit of quantification, likely due to the high proportion of sand and low organic matter. However, high concentrations of PFAAs were detected in the water column inside the protected areas, which includes PFOS in concentrations considered not safe for avian wildlife. Water samples appear to be more relevant than sediments to determine PFAAs micro-pollution in water bodies with sandy sediments. Inclusion of a management plans on micro-pollution research, monitoring, and mitigation is recommended for protected areas. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0148654 |
| format | article |
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Our objective was to determine the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water column and sediments from a wastewater dominated stream that enters preservation areas. Water samples were collected along the longitudinal section (six sites, 1000 m away from each other) of the stream during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were collected from three sites along the stream from three depths. Water and sediments were analyzed for PFAAs using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven PFAAs with 5 to 14 carbon atoms were detected in the water column at all sampling points, with a minor reduction at the last point suggesting a dilution effect. The most detected PFAAs was PFOS, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). Seasonal differences in PFAAs concentrations suggested contribution of stormwater runoff during the wet season. All analyzed PFAAs in sediments were under the limit of quantification, likely due to the high proportion of sand and low organic matter. However, high concentrations of PFAAs were detected in the water column inside the protected areas, which includes PFOS in concentrations considered not safe for avian wildlife. Water samples appear to be more relevant than sediments to determine PFAAs micro-pollution in water bodies with sandy sediments. Inclusion of a management plans on micro-pollution research, monitoring, and mitigation is recommended for protected areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148654</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26909512</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Annual variations ; Atomic properties ; Biodiversity ; Biodiversity conservation ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chromatography ; Cities - statistics & numerical data ; Conservation biology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Creeks & streams ; Demographic aspects ; Dilution ; Earth Sciences ; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Engineering and Technology ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental Pollution - analysis ; Environmental science ; Fluorocarbons - analysis ; Geologic Sediments - chemistry ; Gloss ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Humans ; Influence ; Interdisciplinary aspects ; Laboratories ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Methods ; Mitigation ; National parks ; Natural resources ; Organic matter ; Parks & recreation areas ; Perfluorooctanoic acid ; Physical Sciences ; Physiology ; Pollution ; Pollution control ; Pollution monitoring ; Pollution research ; Protected areas ; Rainy season ; Runoff ; Seasonal distribution ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Sediments ; Storm runoff ; Storm sewers ; Stormwater ; Stormwater management ; Stream pollution ; Studies ; Surface water ; Surfactants ; Time Factors ; Toxicology ; United States ; Wastewater ; Wastewater - chemistry ; Wastewater analysis ; Water - chemistry ; Water analysis ; Water column ; Water pollution ; Water sampling ; Water Supply ; Water treatment ; Wilderness preserves ; Wildlife ; Wildlife conservation ; Wildlife refuges</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0148654</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. 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Our objective was to determine the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water column and sediments from a wastewater dominated stream that enters preservation areas. Water samples were collected along the longitudinal section (six sites, 1000 m away from each other) of the stream during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were collected from three sites along the stream from three depths. Water and sediments were analyzed for PFAAs using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven PFAAs with 5 to 14 carbon atoms were detected in the water column at all sampling points, with a minor reduction at the last point suggesting a dilution effect. The most detected PFAAs was PFOS, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). Seasonal differences in PFAAs concentrations suggested contribution of stormwater runoff during the wet season. 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Analyzed the data: MS CSS IARJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MS CSS NDD IARJ. Wrote the paper: IARJ CSS NDD GST MS.</notes><notes>Current address: Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America</notes><abstract>Current approaches to protect biodiversity by establishing protected areas usually gloss over water pollution as a threat. Our objective was to determine the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water column and sediments from a wastewater dominated stream that enters preservation areas. Water samples were collected along the longitudinal section (six sites, 1000 m away from each other) of the stream during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were collected from three sites along the stream from three depths. Water and sediments were analyzed for PFAAs using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven PFAAs with 5 to 14 carbon atoms were detected in the water column at all sampling points, with a minor reduction at the last point suggesting a dilution effect. The most detected PFAAs was PFOS, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). Seasonal differences in PFAAs concentrations suggested contribution of stormwater runoff during the wet season. All analyzed PFAAs in sediments were under the limit of quantification, likely due to the high proportion of sand and low organic matter. However, high concentrations of PFAAs were detected in the water column inside the protected areas, which includes PFOS in concentrations considered not safe for avian wildlife. Water samples appear to be more relevant than sediments to determine PFAAs micro-pollution in water bodies with sandy sediments. Inclusion of a management plans on micro-pollution research, monitoring, and mitigation is recommended for protected areas.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26909512</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0148654</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1950591285 |
| source | Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); PubMed Central |
| subjects | Acids Annual variations Atomic properties Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation Biology and Life Sciences Chromatography Cities - statistics & numerical data Conservation biology Conservation of Natural Resources Creeks & streams Demographic aspects Dilution Earth Sciences Ecological and Environmental Phenomena Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Engineering and Technology Environmental aspects Environmental monitoring Environmental Pollution - analysis Environmental science Fluorocarbons - analysis Geologic Sediments - chemistry Gloss High performance liquid chromatography Humans Influence Interdisciplinary aspects Laboratories Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Methods Mitigation National parks Natural resources Organic matter Parks & recreation areas Perfluorooctanoic acid Physical Sciences Physiology Pollution Pollution control Pollution monitoring Pollution research Protected areas Rainy season Runoff Seasonal distribution Seasonal variations Seasons Sediments Storm runoff Storm sewers Stormwater Stormwater management Stream pollution Studies Surface water Surfactants Time Factors Toxicology United States Wastewater Wastewater - chemistry Wastewater analysis Water - chemistry Water analysis Water column Water pollution Water sampling Water Supply Water treatment Wilderness preserves Wildlife Wildlife conservation Wildlife refuges |
| title | Footprints of Urban Micro-Pollution in Protected Areas: Investigating the Longitudinal Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wildlife Preserves |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-21T22%3A39%3A48IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Footprints%20of%20Urban%20Micro-Pollution%20in%20Protected%20Areas:%20Investigating%20the%20Longitudinal%20Distribution%20of%20Perfluoroalkyl%20Acids%20in%20Wildlife%20Preserves&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Rodriguez-Jorquera,%20Ignacio%20A&rft.date=2016-02-24&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0148654&rft.pages=e0148654-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148654&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA444166294%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-4f2df6a14d1647a6fe82c6b721a473f5785a13b56444c335c948652be5e9660f3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1950591285&rft_id=info:pmid/26909512&rft_galeid=A444166294&rfr_iscdi=true |