Towards a DNA Barcode Reference Database for Spiders and Harvestmen of Germany

As part of the German Barcode of Life campaign, over 3500 arachnid specimens have been collected and analyzed: ca. 3300 Araneae and 200 Opiliones, belonging to almost 600 species (median: 4 individuals/species). This covers about 60% of the spider fauna and more than 70% of the harvestmen fauna reco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2016-09, Vol.11 (9), p.e0162624-e0162624
Main Authors: Astrin, Jonas J, Höfer, Hubert, Spelda, Jörg, Holstein, Joachim, Bayer, Steffen, Hendrich, Lars, Huber, Bernhard A, Kielhorn, Karl-Hinrich, Krammer, Hans-Joachim, Lemke, Martin, Monje, Juan Carlos, Morinière, Jérôme, Rulik, Björn, Petersen, Malte, Janssen, Hannah, Muster, Christoph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arachnida
Arachnids
Araneae
Bar codes
Biodiversity
Biology and Life Sciences
Computer and information sciences
Cryptic species
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Endangered & extinct species
Fauna
Gene sequencing
Habitats
Interspecific
Lepidoptera
Lycosidae
Median (statistics)
Morphology
Museums
Opiliones
Primers
Research and analysis methods
Species
Spiders
Taxonomy
Theridiidae
Wildlife conservation
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Description
Summary:As part of the German Barcode of Life campaign, over 3500 arachnid specimens have been collected and analyzed: ca. 3300 Araneae and 200 Opiliones, belonging to almost 600 species (median: 4 individuals/species). This covers about 60% of the spider fauna and more than 70% of the harvestmen fauna recorded for Germany. The overwhelming majority of species could be readily identified through DNA barcoding: median distances between closest species lay around 9% in spiders and 13% in harvestmen, while in 95% of the cases, intraspecific distances were below 2.5% and 8% respectively, with intraspecific medians at 0.3% and 0.2%. However, almost 20 spider species, most notably in the family Lycosidae, could not be separated through DNA barcoding (although many of them present discrete morphological differences). Conspicuously high interspecific distances were found in even more cases, hinting at cryptic species in some instances. A new program is presented: DiStats calculates the statistics needed to meet DNA barcode release criteria. Furthermore, new generic COI primers useful for a wide range of taxa (also other than arachnids) are introduced.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0162624