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Smelling the Diagnosis: The Electronic Nose as Diagnostic Tool in Inflammatory Arthritis. A Case-Reference Study
To investigate whether exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose can identify differences between inflammatory joint diseases and healthy controls. In a cross-sectional study, the exhaled breath of 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with active disease was...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2016-03, Vol.11 (3), p.e0151715-e0151715 |
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| creator | Brekelmans, Marjolein P Fens, Niki Brinkman, Paul Bos, Lieuwe D Sterk, Peter J Tak, Paul P Gerlag, Daniëlle M |
| description | To investigate whether exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose can identify differences between inflammatory joint diseases and healthy controls.
In a cross-sectional study, the exhaled breath of 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with active disease was compared to 21 healthy controls using an electronic nose (Cyranose 320; Smiths Detection, Pasadena, CA, USA). Breathprints were analyzed with principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and relationships between breathprints and markers of disease activity were explored.
Breathprints of RA patients could be distinguished from controls with an accuracy of 71% (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.90, sensitivity 76%, specificity 67%). Breathprints from PsA patients were separated from controls with 69% accuracy (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.92, sensitivity 72%, specificity 71%). Distinction between exhaled breath of RA and PsA patients exhibited an accuracy of 69% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.89, sensitivity 71%, specificity 72%). There was a positive correlation in RA patients of exhaled breathprints with disease activity score (DAS28) and number of painful joints. GC-MS identified seven key VOCs that significantly differed between the groups.
Exhaled breath analysis by an electronic nose may play a role in differential diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases. Data from this study warrant external validation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0151715 |
| format | article |
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In a cross-sectional study, the exhaled breath of 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with active disease was compared to 21 healthy controls using an electronic nose (Cyranose 320; Smiths Detection, Pasadena, CA, USA). Breathprints were analyzed with principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and relationships between breathprints and markers of disease activity were explored.
Breathprints of RA patients could be distinguished from controls with an accuracy of 71% (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.90, sensitivity 76%, specificity 67%). Breathprints from PsA patients were separated from controls with 69% accuracy (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.92, sensitivity 72%, specificity 71%). Distinction between exhaled breath of RA and PsA patients exhibited an accuracy of 69% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.89, sensitivity 71%, specificity 72%). There was a positive correlation in RA patients of exhaled breathprints with disease activity score (DAS28) and number of painful joints. GC-MS identified seven key VOCs that significantly differed between the groups.
Exhaled breath analysis by an electronic nose may play a role in differential diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases. Data from this study warrant external validation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151715</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26982569</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Active control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis ; Asthma ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Breath Tests ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Control methods ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic software ; Diagnostic systems ; Differential diagnosis ; Discriminant analysis ; Disease control ; Electronic Nose ; Electronic noses ; Female ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Identification methods ; Immunology ; Inflammatory diseases ; Innovations ; Joint diseases ; Lung cancer ; Male ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Medical diagnosis ; Medical equipment ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Middle Aged ; Organic compounds ; Patients ; Physical Sciences ; Physicians ; Principal components analysis ; Psoriatic arthritis ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Rheumatology ; Scientific imaging ; Sensitivity ; VOCs ; Volatile organic compounds ; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-03, Vol.11 (3), p.e0151715-e0151715</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Brekelmans et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Brekelmans et al 2016 Brekelmans et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fdd53ee6bb9bac0d516aecdd74c53d2694a9c7305f895596ecb3fb63e3af6ada3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fdd53ee6bb9bac0d516aecdd74c53d2694a9c7305f895596ecb3fb63e3af6ada3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1773812759/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1773812759?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,25783,27957,27958,37047,37048,44625,53827,53829,75483</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982569$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>d'Acquisto, Fulvio</contributor><creatorcontrib>Brekelmans, Marjolein P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fens, Niki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brinkman, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bos, Lieuwe D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sterk, Peter J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Paul P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerlag, Daniëlle M</creatorcontrib><title>Smelling the Diagnosis: The Electronic Nose as Diagnostic Tool in Inflammatory Arthritis. A Case-Reference Study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>To investigate whether exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose can identify differences between inflammatory joint diseases and healthy controls.
In a cross-sectional study, the exhaled breath of 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with active disease was compared to 21 healthy controls using an electronic nose (Cyranose 320; Smiths Detection, Pasadena, CA, USA). Breathprints were analyzed with principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and relationships between breathprints and markers of disease activity were explored.
Breathprints of RA patients could be distinguished from controls with an accuracy of 71% (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.90, sensitivity 76%, specificity 67%). Breathprints from PsA patients were separated from controls with 69% accuracy (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.92, sensitivity 72%, specificity 71%). Distinction between exhaled breath of RA and PsA patients exhibited an accuracy of 69% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.89, sensitivity 71%, specificity 72%). There was a positive correlation in RA patients of exhaled breathprints with disease activity score (DAS28) and number of painful joints. GC-MS identified seven key VOCs that significantly differed between the groups.
Exhaled breath analysis by an electronic nose may play a role in differential diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases. Data from this study warrant external validation.</description><subject>Active control</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breath Tests</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Control methods</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Diagnostic software</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Differential diagnosis</subject><subject>Discriminant analysis</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Electronic Nose</subject><subject>Electronic noses</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification methods</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Inflammatory diseases</subject><subject>Innovations</subject><subject>Joint diseases</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Medical equipment</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Psoriatic arthritis</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Rheumatoid arthritis</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>VOCs</subject><subject>Volatile organic compounds</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - 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A Case-Reference Study</title><author>Brekelmans, Marjolein P ; Fens, Niki ; Brinkman, Paul ; Bos, Lieuwe D ; Sterk, Peter J ; Tak, Paul P ; Gerlag, Daniëlle M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fdd53ee6bb9bac0d516aecdd74c53d2694a9c7305f895596ecb3fb63e3af6ada3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Active control</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Breath Tests</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>Control methods</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Diagnostic software</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Differential diagnosis</topic><topic>Discriminant analysis</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Electronic Nose</topic><topic>Electronic noses</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Identification methods</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Inflammatory diseases</topic><topic>Innovations</topic><topic>Joint diseases</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Medical equipment</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Organic compounds</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physicians</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Psoriatic arthritis</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Rheumatoid arthritis</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>VOCs</topic><topic>Volatile organic compounds</topic><topic>Volatile Organic Compounds - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brekelmans, Marjolein P</au><au>Fens, Niki</au><au>Brinkman, Paul</au><au>Bos, Lieuwe D</au><au>Sterk, Peter J</au><au>Tak, Paul P</au><au>Gerlag, Daniëlle M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Smelling the Diagnosis: The Electronic Nose as Diagnostic Tool in Inflammatory Arthritis. A Case-Reference Study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-03-16</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0151715</spage><epage>e0151715</epage><pages>e0151715-e0151715</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Current address: GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom</notes><notes>Current address: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</notes><notes>Conceived and designed the experiments: DMG PPT NF PJS. Performed the experiments: MPB NF PB LDB. Analyzed the data: MPB NF PB LDB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MPB NF PB LDB. Wrote the paper: MPB NF DMG. Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: MPB NF PB LDB PPT PJS DMG. Final approval of the article: PPT PJS.</notes><notes>Current address: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium</notes><notes>Competing Interests: M.P.A. Brekelmans, N. Fens, P. Brinkman, L.D.J. Bos and P.J. Sterk declare no conflicts of interest. P.P. Tak and D.M. Gerlag have become employees of GSK after completion of this study; GSK has not been involved in this study. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.</notes><notes>Current address: GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom</notes><abstract>To investigate whether exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose can identify differences between inflammatory joint diseases and healthy controls.
In a cross-sectional study, the exhaled breath of 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with active disease was compared to 21 healthy controls using an electronic nose (Cyranose 320; Smiths Detection, Pasadena, CA, USA). Breathprints were analyzed with principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and relationships between breathprints and markers of disease activity were explored.
Breathprints of RA patients could be distinguished from controls with an accuracy of 71% (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.90, sensitivity 76%, specificity 67%). Breathprints from PsA patients were separated from controls with 69% accuracy (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.92, sensitivity 72%, specificity 71%). Distinction between exhaled breath of RA and PsA patients exhibited an accuracy of 69% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.89, sensitivity 71%, specificity 72%). There was a positive correlation in RA patients of exhaled breathprints with disease activity score (DAS28) and number of painful joints. GC-MS identified seven key VOCs that significantly differed between the groups.
Exhaled breath analysis by an electronic nose may play a role in differential diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases. Data from this study warrant external validation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26982569</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0151715</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1773812759 |
| source | PubMed (Medline); Publicly Available Content Database |
| subjects | Active control Adolescent Adult Aged Arthritis Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis Asthma Biology and Life Sciences Breath Tests Case-Control Studies Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Control methods Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Diagnosis Diagnostic software Diagnostic systems Differential diagnosis Discriminant analysis Disease control Electronic Nose Electronic noses Female Gas chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Identification methods Immunology Inflammatory diseases Innovations Joint diseases Lung cancer Male Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Medical diagnosis Medical equipment Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Metabolites Middle Aged Organic compounds Patients Physical Sciences Physicians Principal components analysis Psoriatic arthritis Research and Analysis Methods Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology Scientific imaging Sensitivity VOCs Volatile organic compounds Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis Young Adult |
| title | Smelling the Diagnosis: The Electronic Nose as Diagnostic Tool in Inflammatory Arthritis. A Case-Reference Study |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-22T21%3A31%3A10IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Smelling%20the%20Diagnosis:%20The%20Electronic%20Nose%20as%20Diagnostic%20Tool%20in%20Inflammatory%20Arthritis.%20A%20Case-Reference%20Study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Brekelmans,%20Marjolein%20P&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e0151715&rft.epage=e0151715&rft.pages=e0151715-e0151715&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151715&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA453471141%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fdd53ee6bb9bac0d516aecdd74c53d2694a9c7305f895596ecb3fb63e3af6ada3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1773812759&rft_id=info:pmid/26982569&rft_galeid=A453471141&rfr_iscdi=true |