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Abiotic versus biotic drivers of ocean pH variation under fast sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Ocean acidification is expected to have a major effect on the marine carbonate system over the next century, particularly in high latitude seas. Less appreciated is natural environmental variation within these systems, particularly in terms of pH, and how this natural variation may inform laboratory...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e107239-e107239 |
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| description | Ocean acidification is expected to have a major effect on the marine carbonate system over the next century, particularly in high latitude seas. Less appreciated is natural environmental variation within these systems, particularly in terms of pH, and how this natural variation may inform laboratory experiments. In this study, we deployed sensor-equipped moorings at 20 m depths at three locations in McMurdo Sound, comprising deep (bottom depth>200 m: Hut Point Peninsula) and shallow environments (bottom depth ∼25 m: Cape Evans and New Harbor). Our sensors recorded high-frequency variation in pH (Hut Point and Cape Evans only), tide (Cape Evans and New Harbor), and water mass properties (temperature and salinity) during spring and early summer 2011. These collective observations showed that (1) pH differed spatially both in terms of mean pH (Cape Evans: 8.009±0.015; Hut Point: 8.020±0.007) and range of pH (Cape Evans: 0.090; Hut Point: 0.036), and (2) pH was not related to the mixing of two water masses, suggesting that the observed pH variation is likely not driven by this abiotic process. Given the large daily fluctuation in pH at Cape Evans, we developed a simple mechanistic model to explore the potential for biotic processes--in this case algal photosynthesis--to increase pH by fixing carbon from the water column. For this model, we incorporated published photosynthetic parameters for the three dominant algal functional groups found at Cape Evans (benthic fleshy red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae, and sea ice algal communities) to estimate oxygen produced/carbon fixed from the water column underneath fast sea ice and the resulting pH change. These results suggest that biotic processes may be a primary driver of pH variation observed under fast sea ice at Cape Evans and potentially at other shallow sites in McMurdo Sound. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0107239 |
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Less appreciated is natural environmental variation within these systems, particularly in terms of pH, and how this natural variation may inform laboratory experiments. In this study, we deployed sensor-equipped moorings at 20 m depths at three locations in McMurdo Sound, comprising deep (bottom depth>200 m: Hut Point Peninsula) and shallow environments (bottom depth ∼25 m: Cape Evans and New Harbor). Our sensors recorded high-frequency variation in pH (Hut Point and Cape Evans only), tide (Cape Evans and New Harbor), and water mass properties (temperature and salinity) during spring and early summer 2011. These collective observations showed that (1) pH differed spatially both in terms of mean pH (Cape Evans: 8.009±0.015; Hut Point: 8.020±0.007) and range of pH (Cape Evans: 0.090; Hut Point: 0.036), and (2) pH was not related to the mixing of two water masses, suggesting that the observed pH variation is likely not driven by this abiotic process. Given the large daily fluctuation in pH at Cape Evans, we developed a simple mechanistic model to explore the potential for biotic processes--in this case algal photosynthesis--to increase pH by fixing carbon from the water column. For this model, we incorporated published photosynthetic parameters for the three dominant algal functional groups found at Cape Evans (benthic fleshy red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae, and sea ice algal communities) to estimate oxygen produced/carbon fixed from the water column underneath fast sea ice and the resulting pH change. These results suggest that biotic processes may be a primary driver of pH variation observed under fast sea ice at Cape Evans and potentially at other shallow sites in McMurdo Sound.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107239</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25221950</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acidification ; Algae ; Analysis ; Antarctic Regions ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbonates ; Climate change ; Earth sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem biology ; Ecosystems ; Environmental conditions ; Frequency variation ; Functional groups ; Harbors ; Hydrogen ions ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ice ; Ice Cover ; Laboratory experiments ; Landsat satellites ; Marine biology ; Mooring ; Motor vehicle drivers ; Ocean acidification ; Oceanography ; Oceans ; Oxygen ; pH effects ; Photosynthesis ; Plant biochemistry ; Productivity ; Salinity ; Sea ice ; Sea ice variations ; Seawater - chemistry ; Seaweeds ; Sensors ; Sound ; Variation ; Water column ; Water mass properties</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e107239-e107239</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Matson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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These results suggest that biotic processes may be a primary driver of pH variation observed under fast sea ice at Cape Evans and potentially at other shallow sites in McMurdo Sound.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antarctic Regions</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystem biology</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Frequency variation</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Harbors</subject><subject>Hydrogen ions</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Ice Cover</subject><subject>Laboratory experiments</subject><subject>Landsat satellites</subject><subject>Marine biology</subject><subject>Mooring</subject><subject>Motor vehicle drivers</subject><subject>Ocean acidification</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Plant biochemistry</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sea ice</subject><subject>Sea ice variations</subject><subject>Seawater - 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Performed the experiments: PGM GEH. Analyzed the data: PGM GEH LW TRM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GEH LW. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: PGM GEH LW TRM.</notes><abstract>Ocean acidification is expected to have a major effect on the marine carbonate system over the next century, particularly in high latitude seas. Less appreciated is natural environmental variation within these systems, particularly in terms of pH, and how this natural variation may inform laboratory experiments. In this study, we deployed sensor-equipped moorings at 20 m depths at three locations in McMurdo Sound, comprising deep (bottom depth>200 m: Hut Point Peninsula) and shallow environments (bottom depth ∼25 m: Cape Evans and New Harbor). Our sensors recorded high-frequency variation in pH (Hut Point and Cape Evans only), tide (Cape Evans and New Harbor), and water mass properties (temperature and salinity) during spring and early summer 2011. These collective observations showed that (1) pH differed spatially both in terms of mean pH (Cape Evans: 8.009±0.015; Hut Point: 8.020±0.007) and range of pH (Cape Evans: 0.090; Hut Point: 0.036), and (2) pH was not related to the mixing of two water masses, suggesting that the observed pH variation is likely not driven by this abiotic process. Given the large daily fluctuation in pH at Cape Evans, we developed a simple mechanistic model to explore the potential for biotic processes--in this case algal photosynthesis--to increase pH by fixing carbon from the water column. For this model, we incorporated published photosynthetic parameters for the three dominant algal functional groups found at Cape Evans (benthic fleshy red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae, and sea ice algal communities) to estimate oxygen produced/carbon fixed from the water column underneath fast sea ice and the resulting pH change. These results suggest that biotic processes may be a primary driver of pH variation observed under fast sea ice at Cape Evans and potentially at other shallow sites in McMurdo Sound.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25221950</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0107239</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-09, Vol.9 (9), p.e107239-e107239 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1562149641 |
| source | PubMed Central (Open access); ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database |
| subjects | Acidification Algae Analysis Antarctic Regions Biology and Life Sciences Carbon dioxide Carbonates Climate change Earth sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystem biology Ecosystems Environmental conditions Frequency variation Functional groups Harbors Hydrogen ions Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ice Ice Cover Laboratory experiments Landsat satellites Marine biology Mooring Motor vehicle drivers Ocean acidification Oceanography Oceans Oxygen pH effects Photosynthesis Plant biochemistry Productivity Salinity Sea ice Sea ice variations Seawater - chemistry Seaweeds Sensors Sound Variation Water column Water mass properties |
| title | Abiotic versus biotic drivers of ocean pH variation under fast sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-22T15%3A16%3A23IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abiotic%20versus%20biotic%20drivers%20of%20ocean%20pH%20variation%20under%20fast%20sea%20ice%20in%20McMurdo%20Sound,%20Antarctica&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Matson,%20Paul%20G&rft.date=2014-09-15&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e107239&rft.epage=e107239&rft.pages=e107239-e107239&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107239&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA418530051%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-552d1e912923fce43ab4f80c5d0d634e7bccafb65a63f7656d9a5025c18465983%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1562149641&rft_id=info:pmid/25221950&rft_galeid=A418530051&rfr_iscdi=true |