Loading…
Larval defense against attack from parasitoid wasps requires nociceptive neurons
Parasitoid wasps are a fierce predator of Drosophila larvae. Female Leptopilina boulardi (LB) wasps use a sharp ovipositor to inject eggs into the bodies of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The wasp then eats the Drosophila larva alive from the inside, and an adult wasp ecloses from the Drosophila pu...
Saved in:
Published in: | PloS one 2013-10, Vol.8 (10), p.e78704-e78704 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63 |
---|---|
cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63 |
container_end_page | e78704 |
container_issue | 10 |
container_start_page | e78704 |
container_title | PloS one |
container_volume | 8 |
creator | Robertson, Jessica L Tsubouchi, Asako Tracey, W Daniel |
description | Parasitoid wasps are a fierce predator of Drosophila larvae. Female Leptopilina boulardi (LB) wasps use a sharp ovipositor to inject eggs into the bodies of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The wasp then eats the Drosophila larva alive from the inside, and an adult wasp ecloses from the Drosophila pupal case instead of a fly. However, the Drosophila larvae are not defenseless as they may resist the attack of the wasps through somatosensory-triggered behavioral responses. Here we describe the full range of behaviors performed by the larval prey in immediate response to attacks by the wasps. Our results suggest that Drosophila larvae primarily sense the wasps using their mechanosensory systems. The range of behavioral responses included both "gentle touch" like responses as well as nociceptive responses. We found that the precise larval response depended on both the somatotopic location of the attack, and whether or not the larval cuticle was successfully penetrated during the course of the attack. Interestingly, nociceptive responses are more likely to be triggered by attacks in which the cuticle had been successfully penetrated by the wasp. Finally, we found that the class IV neurons, which are necessary for mechanical nociception, were also necessary for a nociceptive response to wasp attacks. Thus, the class IV neurons allow for a nociceptive behavioral response to a naturally occurring predator of Drosophila. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0078704 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1445923144</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_712d099f75ce4fcdb3ed2658726f8a01</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>1449765797</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUk1vEzEQXSEQLYV_gGAlLlwS_O31BQlVBSpFggOcrYk9Dg4be2vvBvHvu23SqkWcZjR-7_nN6DXNa0qWlGv6YZunkqBfDjnhkhDdaSKeNKfUcLZQjPCnD_qT5kWtW0Ik75R63pwwwYhkRp8231dQ9tC3HgOmii1sIKY6tjCO4H63oeRdO0CBGsccffsH6lDbgldTLFjblF10OIxxj23CqeRUXzbPAvQVXx3rWfPz88WP86-L1bcvl-efVgsnmRoXSAkJWgXKQEruuSBOGYXBzz2jQkmJwgNwQlEiCqMFlYGZdUDv-Nopfta8PegOfa72eIxqqRDSMD6XGXF5QPgMWzuUuIPy12aI9naQy8ZCGaPr0WrKPDEmaOlQBOfXHD1TstNMhQ4InbU-Hn-b1rvZAqaxQP9I9PFLir_sJu8t70jHOjkLvD8KlHw1YR3tLlaHfQ8J83Tr22gltdEz9N0_0P9vJw4oV3KtBcO9GUrsTUDuWPYmIPYYkJn25uEi96S7RPBrTjy6iA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1445923144</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Larval defense against attack from parasitoid wasps requires nociceptive neurons</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Robertson, Jessica L ; Tsubouchi, Asako ; Tracey, W Daniel</creator><contributor>Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Jessica L ; Tsubouchi, Asako ; Tracey, W Daniel ; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.</creatorcontrib><description>Parasitoid wasps are a fierce predator of Drosophila larvae. Female Leptopilina boulardi (LB) wasps use a sharp ovipositor to inject eggs into the bodies of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The wasp then eats the Drosophila larva alive from the inside, and an adult wasp ecloses from the Drosophila pupal case instead of a fly. However, the Drosophila larvae are not defenseless as they may resist the attack of the wasps through somatosensory-triggered behavioral responses. Here we describe the full range of behaviors performed by the larval prey in immediate response to attacks by the wasps. Our results suggest that Drosophila larvae primarily sense the wasps using their mechanosensory systems. The range of behavioral responses included both "gentle touch" like responses as well as nociceptive responses. We found that the precise larval response depended on both the somatotopic location of the attack, and whether or not the larval cuticle was successfully penetrated during the course of the attack. Interestingly, nociceptive responses are more likely to be triggered by attacks in which the cuticle had been successfully penetrated by the wasp. Finally, we found that the class IV neurons, which are necessary for mechanical nociception, were also necessary for a nociceptive response to wasp attacks. Thus, the class IV neurons allow for a nociceptive behavioral response to a naturally occurring predator of Drosophila.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078704</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24205297</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Anesthesiology ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Drosophila ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Drosophila melanogaster - cytology ; Drosophila melanogaster - parasitology ; Drosophila melanogaster - physiology ; Eggs ; Escape Reaction - physiology ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Hymenoptera ; Insects ; Larva - cytology ; Larva - parasitology ; Larva - physiology ; Larvae ; Leptopilina boulardi ; Locomotion - physiology ; Male ; Neurons ; Neurosciences ; Nociceptors - cytology ; Ovipositor ; Pain perception ; Parasitoids ; Prey ; Wasps - physiology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-10, Vol.8 (10), p.e78704-e78704</ispartof><rights>2013 Robertson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Robertson et al 2013 Robertson et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1445923144/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1445923144?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,25783,27957,27958,37047,37048,44625,53827,53829,75483</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205297$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Jessica L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsubouchi, Asako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tracey, W Daniel</creatorcontrib><title>Larval defense against attack from parasitoid wasps requires nociceptive neurons</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Parasitoid wasps are a fierce predator of Drosophila larvae. Female Leptopilina boulardi (LB) wasps use a sharp ovipositor to inject eggs into the bodies of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The wasp then eats the Drosophila larva alive from the inside, and an adult wasp ecloses from the Drosophila pupal case instead of a fly. However, the Drosophila larvae are not defenseless as they may resist the attack of the wasps through somatosensory-triggered behavioral responses. Here we describe the full range of behaviors performed by the larval prey in immediate response to attacks by the wasps. Our results suggest that Drosophila larvae primarily sense the wasps using their mechanosensory systems. The range of behavioral responses included both "gentle touch" like responses as well as nociceptive responses. We found that the precise larval response depended on both the somatotopic location of the attack, and whether or not the larval cuticle was successfully penetrated during the course of the attack. Interestingly, nociceptive responses are more likely to be triggered by attacks in which the cuticle had been successfully penetrated by the wasp. Finally, we found that the class IV neurons, which are necessary for mechanical nociception, were also necessary for a nociceptive response to wasp attacks. Thus, the class IV neurons allow for a nociceptive behavioral response to a naturally occurring predator of Drosophila.</description><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Drosophila</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - cytology</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - parasitology</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - physiology</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Escape Reaction - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Host-Parasite Interactions</subject><subject>Hymenoptera</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Larva - cytology</subject><subject>Larva - parasitology</subject><subject>Larva - physiology</subject><subject>Larvae</subject><subject>Leptopilina boulardi</subject><subject>Locomotion - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Nociceptors - cytology</subject><subject>Ovipositor</subject><subject>Pain perception</subject><subject>Parasitoids</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>Wasps - physiology</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUk1vEzEQXSEQLYV_gGAlLlwS_O31BQlVBSpFggOcrYk9Dg4be2vvBvHvu23SqkWcZjR-7_nN6DXNa0qWlGv6YZunkqBfDjnhkhDdaSKeNKfUcLZQjPCnD_qT5kWtW0Ik75R63pwwwYhkRp8231dQ9tC3HgOmii1sIKY6tjCO4H63oeRdO0CBGsccffsH6lDbgldTLFjblF10OIxxj23CqeRUXzbPAvQVXx3rWfPz88WP86-L1bcvl-efVgsnmRoXSAkJWgXKQEruuSBOGYXBzz2jQkmJwgNwQlEiCqMFlYGZdUDv-Nopfta8PegOfa72eIxqqRDSMD6XGXF5QPgMWzuUuIPy12aI9naQy8ZCGaPr0WrKPDEmaOlQBOfXHD1TstNMhQ4InbU-Hn-b1rvZAqaxQP9I9PFLir_sJu8t70jHOjkLvD8KlHw1YR3tLlaHfQ8J83Tr22gltdEz9N0_0P9vJw4oV3KtBcO9GUrsTUDuWPYmIPYYkJn25uEi96S7RPBrTjy6iA</recordid><startdate>20131025</startdate><enddate>20131025</enddate><creator>Robertson, Jessica L</creator><creator>Tsubouchi, Asako</creator><creator>Tracey, W Daniel</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131025</creationdate><title>Larval defense against attack from parasitoid wasps requires nociceptive neurons</title><author>Robertson, Jessica L ; Tsubouchi, Asako ; Tracey, W Daniel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Drosophila</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - cytology</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - parasitology</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - physiology</topic><topic>Eggs</topic><topic>Escape Reaction - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Host-Parasite Interactions</topic><topic>Hymenoptera</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Larva - cytology</topic><topic>Larva - parasitology</topic><topic>Larva - physiology</topic><topic>Larvae</topic><topic>Leptopilina boulardi</topic><topic>Locomotion - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neurons</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Nociceptors - cytology</topic><topic>Ovipositor</topic><topic>Pain perception</topic><topic>Parasitoids</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>Wasps - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Jessica L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsubouchi, Asako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tracey, W Daniel</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - current)</collection><collection>ProQuest Agriculture & Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Robertson, Jessica L</au><au>Tsubouchi, Asako</au><au>Tracey, W Daniel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Larval defense against attack from parasitoid wasps requires nociceptive neurons</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-10-25</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e78704</spage><epage>e78704</epage><pages>e78704-e78704</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Conceived and designed the experiments: JLR WDT. Performed the experiments: JLR AT. Analyzed the data: JLR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WDT. Wrote the manuscript: JLR AT WDT.</notes><notes>Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</notes><abstract>Parasitoid wasps are a fierce predator of Drosophila larvae. Female Leptopilina boulardi (LB) wasps use a sharp ovipositor to inject eggs into the bodies of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The wasp then eats the Drosophila larva alive from the inside, and an adult wasp ecloses from the Drosophila pupal case instead of a fly. However, the Drosophila larvae are not defenseless as they may resist the attack of the wasps through somatosensory-triggered behavioral responses. Here we describe the full range of behaviors performed by the larval prey in immediate response to attacks by the wasps. Our results suggest that Drosophila larvae primarily sense the wasps using their mechanosensory systems. The range of behavioral responses included both "gentle touch" like responses as well as nociceptive responses. We found that the precise larval response depended on both the somatotopic location of the attack, and whether or not the larval cuticle was successfully penetrated during the course of the attack. Interestingly, nociceptive responses are more likely to be triggered by attacks in which the cuticle had been successfully penetrated by the wasp. Finally, we found that the class IV neurons, which are necessary for mechanical nociception, were also necessary for a nociceptive response to wasp attacks. Thus, the class IV neurons allow for a nociceptive behavioral response to a naturally occurring predator of Drosophila.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24205297</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0078704</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
ispartof | PloS one, 2013-10, Vol.8 (10), p.e78704-e78704 |
issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1445923144 |
source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
subjects | Anesthesiology Animal behavior Animals Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster - cytology Drosophila melanogaster - parasitology Drosophila melanogaster - physiology Eggs Escape Reaction - physiology Female Host-Parasite Interactions Hymenoptera Insects Larva - cytology Larva - parasitology Larva - physiology Larvae Leptopilina boulardi Locomotion - physiology Male Neurons Neurosciences Nociceptors - cytology Ovipositor Pain perception Parasitoids Prey Wasps - physiology |
title | Larval defense against attack from parasitoid wasps requires nociceptive neurons |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-23T04%3A32%3A34IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Larval%20defense%20against%20attack%20from%20parasitoid%20wasps%20requires%20nociceptive%20neurons&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Robertson,%20Jessica%20L&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e78704&rft.epage=e78704&rft.pages=e78704-e78704&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078704&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E1449765797%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e100f76f12a553d340c696efd3d3214655e4daa301e5ee497415f29bfedc3bc63%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1445923144&rft_id=info:pmid/24205297&rfr_iscdi=true |