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Is active management the key to the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity? Pollarding promotes the formation of tree hollows
Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its cons...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e60456-e60456 |
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| creator | Sebek, Pavel Altman, Jan Platek, Michal Cizek, Lukas |
| description | Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. Our results point to the importance of active management measures for maintaining availability, and spatial and temporal continuity of deadwood microhabitats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0060456 |
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Pollarding promotes the formation of tree hollows</title><source>ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Sebek, Pavel ; Altman, Jan ; Platek, Michal ; Cizek, Lukas</creator><contributor>Shaw, Peter</contributor><creatorcontrib>Sebek, Pavel ; Altman, Jan ; Platek, Michal ; Cizek, Lukas ; Shaw, Peter</creatorcontrib><description>Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. Our results point to the importance of active management measures for maintaining availability, and spatial and temporal continuity of deadwood microhabitats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060456</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23544142</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Biology ; Biota ; Conservation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Coppicing ; Czech Republic ; Dead wood ; Dendrochronology ; Elateridae ; Endangered & extinct species ; Fauna ; Forestry - methods ; Growth rate ; Habitats ; Landscape ; Lucanus cervus ; Microhabitats ; Osmoderma eremita ; Pasture ; Probability ; Restoration ; Rosalia alpina ; Salix - anatomy & histology ; Salix - growth & development ; Salix - physiology ; Salix alba ; Silvicultural practices ; Silviculture ; Tree ring analysis ; Trees ; Trees - anatomy & histology ; Trees - growth & development ; Trees - physiology ; Trends ; Watercourses ; Wildlife conservation ; Wood ; Wood - physiology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e60456-e60456</ispartof><rights>2013 Sebek et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Pollarding promotes the formation of tree hollows</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sebek, Pavel</au><au>Altman, Jan</au><au>Platek, Michal</au><au>Cizek, Lukas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Is active management the key to the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity? Pollarding promotes the formation of tree hollows</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-03-27</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e60456</spage><epage>e60456</epage><pages>e60456-e60456</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</notes><notes>Conceived and designed the experiments: LC PS. Performed the experiments: PS MP. Analyzed the data: PS JA. Wrote the paper: PS JA LC.</notes><abstract>Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. Our results point to the importance of active management measures for maintaining availability, and spatial and temporal continuity of deadwood microhabitats.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23544142</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0060456</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agriculture Biodiversity Biology Biota Conservation Conservation of Natural Resources Coppicing Czech Republic Dead wood Dendrochronology Elateridae Endangered & extinct species Fauna Forestry - methods Growth rate Habitats Landscape Lucanus cervus Microhabitats Osmoderma eremita Pasture Probability Restoration Rosalia alpina Salix - anatomy & histology Salix - growth & development Salix - physiology Salix alba Silvicultural practices Silviculture Tree ring analysis Trees Trees - anatomy & histology Trees - growth & development Trees - physiology Trends Watercourses Wildlife conservation Wood Wood - physiology |
| title | Is active management the key to the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity? Pollarding promotes the formation of tree hollows |
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