Present, future, and novel bioclimates of the San Francisco, California region
Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern C...
Saved in:
| Published in: | PloS one 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e58450 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | eng |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| recordid |
cdi_plos_journals_1330889331 |
|---|---|
| title |
Present, future, and novel bioclimates of the San Francisco, California region |
| format |
Article |
| creator |
Torregrosa, Alicia Taylor, Maxwell D Flint, Lorraine E Flint, Alan L |
| subjects |
Bioclimatic indexes Bioclimatology Biogeography Biology Biometeorology Climate Climate change Climate Change - classification Climate Change - statistics & numerical data Climate models Climatic conditions Climatology Comparative analysis Comparative studies Computational fluid dynamics Computer Science Conservation of Natural Resources Continentality Digital mapping Dispersal Drought Earth Sciences Ecosystem Emission analysis Flowers & plants Fluid dynamics Future climates Geography Geology Geophysical fluids Geophysics Hydrodynamics Models, Theoretical Ordination Patches (structures) Photosynthesis Phylogeography Plants Precipitation San Francisco Science Social and Behavioral Sciences Spatial discrimination Spatial resolution Temperature Trees Vegetation Vegetation distribution |
| ispartof |
PloS one, 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e58450 |
| description |
Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system for the end of the 20(th) century climatology (1971-2000) and end of the 21(st) century climatology (2070-2099) using two models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), under the medium-high A2 emission scenario. The digitally mapped results were used to 1) assess the relative redistribution of isobioclimates and their magnitude of change, 2) quantify the loss of isobioclimates into the future, 3) identify and locate novel isobioclimates projected to appear, and 4) explore compositional change in vegetation types among analog isobioclimate patches. This study used downscaled climate variables to map the isobioclimates at a fine spatial resolution -270 m grid cells. Common to both models of future climate was a large change in thermotype. Changes in ombrotype differed among the two models. The end of 20(th) century climatology has 83 isobioclimates covering the 63,000 km(2) study area. In both future projections 51 of those isobioclimates disappear over 40,000 km(2). The ordination of vegetation-bioclimate relationships shows very strong correlation of Rivas-Martinez indices with vegetation distribution and composition. Comparisons of vegetation composition among analog patches suggest that vegetation change will be a local rearrangement of species already in place rather than one requiring long distance dispersal. The digitally mapped results facilitate comparison with other Mediterranean regions. Major remaining challenges include predicting vegetation composition of novel isobioclimates and developing metrics to compare differences in climate space. |
| language |
eng |
| source |
Publicly Available Content Database; Public Library of Science; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); PubMed Central; Directory of Open Access Journals; Scholars Portal Open Access Journals |
| identifier |
ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| fulltext |
fulltext |
| issn |
1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| url |
http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-05-03T10%3A43%3A45IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Present,%20future,%20and%20novel%20bioclimates%20of%20the%20San%20Francisco,%20California%20region&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Torregrosa,%20Alicia&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e58450&rft.pages=e58450-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058450&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478193112%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c658t-22013192c9a5fbfeeda6d16bd3e3ade54c78e2fe7bfe38534812d7298e54a58f3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1330889331&rft_id=info:pmid/23526985&rft_galeid=A478193112 |
| container_title |
PloS one |
| container_volume |
8 |
| container_issue |
3 |
| container_start_page |
e58450 |
| container_end_page |
|
| fullrecord |
<record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1330889331</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A478193112</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_1c34f0f91b7942a49ba532f5137c114f</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A478193112</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c658t-22013192c9a5fbfeeda6d16bd3e3ade54c78e2fe7bfe38534812d7298e54a58f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kl-LEzEUxQdR3HX1G4gOCILQ1kkymUlehKW4WlhcwT-vIZO5aVPSpJtkFv32pnZ26YCSh4Tc3z1JTk5RvETVApEWvd_6IThpF3vvYFFVlNW0elScI07wvMEVeXyyPiuexbjNEGFN87Q4w4TihjN6Xnz5GiCCS7NSD2kIMCul60vn78CWnfHKmp1MEEuvy7SB8pt05VWQTpmo_KxcSmu0D87IMsDaePe8eKKljfBinC-KH1cfvy8_z69vPq2Wl9dz1VCW5hhXiCCOFZdUdxqgl02Pmq4nQGQPtFYtA6yhzTXCKKkZwn2LOcslSZkmF8Xro-7e-ihGK6JAhFSMcUJQJlZHovdyK_YhvyP8Fl4a8XfDh7WQIRllQSBFal1pjrqW11jWvJOUYE2zzQqh-nDah_G0odtBr7JfQdqJ6LTizEas_Z0gTUU4x1ngzSgQ_O0AMf3nyiO1lvlWxmmfxdQuWy0u65bl30TooLX4B5VHDzujchi0yfuThneThswk-JXWcohRrG5-Ttm3J-wGpE2b6O2Q8t_GKVgfQRV8jAH0gxuoEod83r9QHPIpxnzmtlenTj403QeS_AFLceAU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><isCDI>true</isCDI><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1330889331</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Present, future, and novel bioclimates of the San Francisco, California region</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>Public Library of Science</source><source>Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Scholars Portal Open Access Journals</source><creator>Torregrosa, Alicia ; Taylor, Maxwell D ; Flint, Lorraine E ; Flint, Alan L</creator><contributor>Van Niel, Kimberly Patraw</contributor><creatorcontrib>Torregrosa, Alicia ; Taylor, Maxwell D ; Flint, Lorraine E ; Flint, Alan L ; Van Niel, Kimberly Patraw</creatorcontrib><description>Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system for the end of the 20(th) century climatology (1971-2000) and end of the 21(st) century climatology (2070-2099) using two models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), under the medium-high A2 emission scenario. The digitally mapped results were used to 1) assess the relative redistribution of isobioclimates and their magnitude of change, 2) quantify the loss of isobioclimates into the future, 3) identify and locate novel isobioclimates projected to appear, and 4) explore compositional change in vegetation types among analog isobioclimate patches. This study used downscaled climate variables to map the isobioclimates at a fine spatial resolution -270 m grid cells. Common to both models of future climate was a large change in thermotype. Changes in ombrotype differed among the two models. The end of 20(th) century climatology has 83 isobioclimates covering the 63,000 km(2) study area. In both future projections 51 of those isobioclimates disappear over 40,000 km(2). The ordination of vegetation-bioclimate relationships shows very strong correlation of Rivas-Martinez indices with vegetation distribution and composition. Comparisons of vegetation composition among analog patches suggest that vegetation change will be a local rearrangement of species already in place rather than one requiring long distance dispersal. The digitally mapped results facilitate comparison with other Mediterranean regions. Major remaining challenges include predicting vegetation composition of novel isobioclimates and developing metrics to compare differences in climate space.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058450</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23526985</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bioclimatic indexes ; Bioclimatology ; Biogeography ; Biology ; Biometeorology ; Climate ; Climate change ; Climate Change - classification ; Climate Change - statistics & numerical data ; Climate models ; Climatic conditions ; Climatology ; Comparative analysis ; Comparative studies ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Computer Science ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Continentality ; Digital mapping ; Dispersal ; Drought ; Earth Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Emission analysis ; Flowers & plants ; Fluid dynamics ; Future climates ; Geography ; Geology ; Geophysical fluids ; Geophysics ; Hydrodynamics ; Models, Theoretical ; Ordination ; Patches (structures) ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeography ; Plants ; Precipitation ; San Francisco ; Science ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Spatial discrimination ; Spatial resolution ; Temperature ; Trees ; Vegetation ; Vegetation distribution</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e58450</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c658t-22013192c9a5fbfeeda6d16bd3e3ade54c78e2fe7bfe38534812d7298e54a58f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c658t-22013192c9a5fbfeeda6d16bd3e3ade54c78e2fe7bfe38534812d7298e54a58f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1330889331/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1330889331?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,734,787,791,871,892,2117,2238,2948,23916,24369,25806,27992,27993,37084,44962,54183,54185,76129</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526985$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Van Niel, Kimberly Patraw</contributor><creatorcontrib>Torregrosa, Alicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Maxwell D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flint, Lorraine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flint, Alan L</creatorcontrib><title>Present, future, and novel bioclimates of the San Francisco, California region</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system for the end of the 20(th) century climatology (1971-2000) and end of the 21(st) century climatology (2070-2099) using two models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), under the medium-high A2 emission scenario. The digitally mapped results were used to 1) assess the relative redistribution of isobioclimates and their magnitude of change, 2) quantify the loss of isobioclimates into the future, 3) identify and locate novel isobioclimates projected to appear, and 4) explore compositional change in vegetation types among analog isobioclimate patches. This study used downscaled climate variables to map the isobioclimates at a fine spatial resolution -270 m grid cells. Common to both models of future climate was a large change in thermotype. Changes in ombrotype differed among the two models. The end of 20(th) century climatology has 83 isobioclimates covering the 63,000 km(2) study area. In both future projections 51 of those isobioclimates disappear over 40,000 km(2). The ordination of vegetation-bioclimate relationships shows very strong correlation of Rivas-Martinez indices with vegetation distribution and composition. Comparisons of vegetation composition among analog patches suggest that vegetation change will be a local rearrangement of species already in place rather than one requiring long distance dispersal. The digitally mapped results facilitate comparison with other Mediterranean regions. Major remaining challenges include predicting vegetation composition of novel isobioclimates and developing metrics to compare differences in climate space.</description><subject>Bioclimatic indexes</subject><subject>Bioclimatology</subject><subject>Biogeography</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biometeorology</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate Change - classification</subject><subject>Climate Change - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Climatic conditions</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Computational fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Computer Science</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Continentality</subject><subject>Digital mapping</subject><subject>Dispersal</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Future climates</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Geophysical fluids</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Hydrodynamics</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Ordination</subject><subject>Patches (structures)</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Phylogeography</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>San Francisco</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Social and Behavioral Sciences</subject><subject>Spatial discrimination</subject><subject>Spatial resolution</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Vegetation distribution</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kl-LEzEUxQdR3HX1G4gOCILQ1kkymUlehKW4WlhcwT-vIZO5aVPSpJtkFv32pnZ26YCSh4Tc3z1JTk5RvETVApEWvd_6IThpF3vvYFFVlNW0elScI07wvMEVeXyyPiuexbjNEGFN87Q4w4TihjN6Xnz5GiCCS7NSD2kIMCul60vn78CWnfHKmp1MEEuvy7SB8pt05VWQTpmo_KxcSmu0D87IMsDaePe8eKKljfBinC-KH1cfvy8_z69vPq2Wl9dz1VCW5hhXiCCOFZdUdxqgl02Pmq4nQGQPtFYtA6yhzTXCKKkZwn2LOcslSZkmF8Xro-7e-ihGK6JAhFSMcUJQJlZHovdyK_YhvyP8Fl4a8XfDh7WQIRllQSBFal1pjrqW11jWvJOUYE2zzQqh-nDah_G0odtBr7JfQdqJ6LTizEas_Z0gTUU4x1ngzSgQ_O0AMf3nyiO1lvlWxmmfxdQuWy0u65bl30TooLX4B5VHDzujchi0yfuThneThswk-JXWcohRrG5-Ttm3J-wGpE2b6O2Q8t_GKVgfQRV8jAH0gxuoEod83r9QHPIpxnzmtlenTj403QeS_AFLceAU</recordid><startdate>20130320</startdate><enddate>20130320</enddate><creator>Torregrosa, Alicia</creator><creator>Taylor, Maxwell D</creator><creator>Flint, Lorraine E</creator><creator>Flint, Alan L</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130320</creationdate><title>Present, future, and novel bioclimates of the San Francisco, California region</title><author>Torregrosa, Alicia ; Taylor, Maxwell D ; Flint, Lorraine E ; Flint, Alan L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c658t-22013192c9a5fbfeeda6d16bd3e3ade54c78e2fe7bfe38534812d7298e54a58f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Bioclimatic indexes</topic><topic>Bioclimatology</topic><topic>Biogeography</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biometeorology</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate Change - classification</topic><topic>Climate Change - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Climate models</topic><topic>Climatic conditions</topic><topic>Climatology</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Computational fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Computer Science</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>Continentality</topic><topic>Digital mapping</topic><topic>Dispersal</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Future climates</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Geophysical fluids</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Hydrodynamics</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Ordination</topic><topic>Patches (structures)</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Phylogeography</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>San Francisco</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Social and Behavioral Sciences</topic><topic>Spatial discrimination</topic><topic>Spatial resolution</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Vegetation distribution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Torregrosa, Alicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Maxwell D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flint, Lorraine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flint, Alan L</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Complete (ProQuest Database)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - current)</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest advanced technologies & aerospace journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Torregrosa, Alicia</au><au>Taylor, Maxwell D</au><au>Flint, Lorraine E</au><au>Flint, Alan L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Present, future, and novel bioclimates of the San Francisco, California region</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-03-20</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e58450</spage><pages>e58450-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</notes><notes>Conceived and designed the experiments: AT. Performed the experiments: AT MT LF AF. Analyzed the data: AT MT LF AF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AT LF AF. Wrote the paper: AT MT.</notes><abstract>Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system for the end of the 20(th) century climatology (1971-2000) and end of the 21(st) century climatology (2070-2099) using two models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), under the medium-high A2 emission scenario. The digitally mapped results were used to 1) assess the relative redistribution of isobioclimates and their magnitude of change, 2) quantify the loss of isobioclimates into the future, 3) identify and locate novel isobioclimates projected to appear, and 4) explore compositional change in vegetation types among analog isobioclimate patches. This study used downscaled climate variables to map the isobioclimates at a fine spatial resolution -270 m grid cells. Common to both models of future climate was a large change in thermotype. Changes in ombrotype differed among the two models. The end of 20(th) century climatology has 83 isobioclimates covering the 63,000 km(2) study area. In both future projections 51 of those isobioclimates disappear over 40,000 km(2). The ordination of vegetation-bioclimate relationships shows very strong correlation of Rivas-Martinez indices with vegetation distribution and composition. Comparisons of vegetation composition among analog patches suggest that vegetation change will be a local rearrangement of species already in place rather than one requiring long distance dispersal. The digitally mapped results facilitate comparison with other Mediterranean regions. Major remaining challenges include predicting vegetation composition of novel isobioclimates and developing metrics to compare differences in climate space.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23526985</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0058450</doi><tpages>e58450</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |